Distinguishing Between Damage to Clothing as a Result of Normal Wear and Tear or as a Result of Deliberate Damage: A Sexual Assault Case Study

Abstract:  This paper focuses on bra damage, specifically damage observed in hook and eye fasteners that are generally located at the backstraps of bras. We describe bra design including the method by which hook and eye fasteners are generally constructed. We assess bra damage in two situations where the damage observed was unexpected given the case scenarios. These were: (i) the complainant of an alleged rape attributed damage to her bra hooks to force during a struggle and (ii) the complainant had earlier manipulated her bra hooks in an incident not related to her complaint. Steriomicroscopy and reconstruction experimentation were necessarily used to assess the bra damage. A systematic approach to damage analysis was employed by the forensic practitioners to correctly identify damage as being a result of mechanical manipulation and therefore as falsified. This paper suggests that more examples of falsified damage should be documented.     

不同侵权责任承担方式的构成要件

传统民法的侵权责任的一般构成要件是仅针对侵权损害赔偿责任来构建的,而我国现行民法的侵权责任的承担方式并不限于损害赔偿,侵权责任保护客体并不仅限于绝对权,因此,针对不同的侵权责任承担方式其归责原则与损害是否发生等构成要件应不相同;基于同一种侵权责任承担方式如果侵权责任保护对象不同,侵权责任的构成要件也不相同.重新认识侵权责任的构成要件无疑对民法规则的设计和适用将产生实际的意义和价值.     

略论美国自然资源损害赔偿范围

《清洁水法》、《综合环境反应、赔偿与责任法》、《石油污染法》构建了美国自然资源损害赔偿范围的基本框架。赔偿金的确定过程需经历自然资源损害的识别、资源价值的认定和赔偿路径的选择几个阶段。这一过程也构成了理解赔偿范围——修复费用、过渡期损失和评估费用,分析赔偿全面性的线索。这为我国自然资源损害赔偿制度的建立提供了借鉴。     

危险犯之特殊中止形态研究

危险犯之中止形态是指行为人在故意实施犯的行为过程中,自动停止其犯罪行为或者自动有效地防止了危险结果发生的一种犯罪形态。当行为人采取措排除危险状态避免实害结果发生这一条件成熟时,那么危险犯既遂就被相对应的实害犯中止形态所吸收,仅成吸收的犯罪形态即实害犯中止。如果没有造成损害,应当就免除处罚;如果造成损害的,应当从轻处罚。     

交通事故损害赔偿的法律分析

我国道路交通事故损害赔偿责任制度总体经历了三个阶段：过错责任原则;无过失责任原则或过错推定责任原则;第三者责任强制保险制度原则。但是,交通事故损害赔偿原则并非完美无缺,它在具体实施中也遇到了一些问题。建立完善的交通事故损害赔偿制度,一要制定专门的《机动车事故损害赔偿法》,二要制定完善的《机动车保险法》,三要加紧制定精神损害赔偿方面的法律、法规。     

论高空抛物侵权行为

随着城市建设的发展,高层建筑迅速增多,与此同时高空抛物伤人毁财．甚至致人伤残或死亡的案件越来越多,但我国目前在立法上对致害人不明的高空抛物侵权行为并朱有明确规定。高空抛物侵权行为是一种独立的侵权行为．在不能确定谁为抛掷人时,将责任主体确定为建筑物的所有人,追究众多住户的赔偿责任,在责任形式上采用按份责任更为妥当。     

产品缺陷精神损害赔偿制度初探

精神损害赔偿制度的确立是市场经济建立和发展的必然要求,具有补偿和惩罚功能。我国产品质量法中缺乏精神损害赔偿制度,这对于消费者权益的维护和保障是十分不周到的。在立法上应对我国产品缺陷精神损害赔偿的范围和数额的确定作出明确规定:只要受害人因侵权行为客观上造成了精神损害赔偿,就应予以赔偿;在确定我国的精神损害赔偿数额时主要参考限幅数额原则;制定加重和减轻赔偿的情形。     

《民法典》中定作人任意解除权的适用要件与法律效果

《民法典》第787条以现行《合同法》第268条为基础,对定作人任意解除权作出了规定。该制度的规范目的在于保护定作人利益,并避免社会资源浪费,任意解除权应限于承揽合同的定作人,不应类推适用于建设工程施工合同的发包人。在时间要件上,该解除权只能在承揽工作完成之前行使;在主观要件上,定作人行使任意解除权时应排除承揽人违约的情形。定作人行使任意解除权应符合解除权的行使程序,但在行使效果上,应注意其与法定解除权的区分。定作人行使任意解除权在本质上是一种须承担对价的单方终止,对该条所定的赔偿范围,应采“报酬请求权”解释,即承揽人有权请求合同约定的报酬以及因合同解除而增加的费用,但其因合同解除而节约的成本应予扣除。     

Encounters With Irregular Migrants in Social Work—“Collateral Damage” and Reframing of Recognizability in Swedish Public Social Services

The aim is to explore experiences and considerations of social workers regarding irregular migrants, understood as being prone to be “collateral damage.” It is revealed that some social workers approve assistance exceeding that which can find support in the national legislation. They are hereby addressing the normative conditions for recognition and installing new frames for apprehending irregular migrants. This process is referred to as a reframing of recognizability. By exceeding the limits of “belonging,” social workers question their profession's national link as well as the inability of a nationally anchored understanding of social work to deal with irregular migrants.     

Now wash your hands: uncommissioned art and gender

Examining the urban arts in the UK, in their paint and fibre-based alternatives, this article aims to account for the differences in contemporary dealings with graffiti and yarn-bombing (kniffiti). The intersectional complications of gender, race, age and class, as they have come to bear on the visual arts, as well as the historical power structures that have determined the classification of crime, and of art, are offered as possible rationales for present-day handling of ‘deviance’ in the form of urban art. It seems that urban knitting has blind-sighted both social conventions and legal principles in a way that exposes the arbitrary nature of both.