《联合国反腐败公约》资产追回机制与我国刑事诉讼法的完善

《联合国反腐败公约》是联合国历史上第一部指导国际反腐败斗争的法律文件 ,它包含了大量的刑事司法规定 ,其中核心部分是资产追回机制 ,而这方面我国刑事诉讼法的规定很欠缺。为了加强反腐败的力度以及完善我国刑事诉讼法 ,有必要参照《公约》对我国刑事诉讼法作相应的修改 ,以期更好地开展反腐败的国际合作 ,最大限度地追回腐败犯罪所得。     

《联合国反腐败公约》与我国侦查程序的改革研究

在全球化趋势和法制现代化的背景下,我国侦查程序在程序保障与司法效率、打击犯罪和保障人权、追求真实与司法成本等方面都暴露出诸多问题,重新审视和改革势在必行。随着我国加入《联合国反腐败公约》,未来的侦查改革必须从更广阔的视野出发,改革侦查程序,推进侦查法治化,加强侦查能力建设。我国侦查程序的改革应当坚持“惩罚犯罪与保障人权并重”的原则。侦查程序改革所要达到的目标,既包括合理约束侦查权,又必须有效保障人权。     

论海运条约冲突的解决模式——以联合国货物运输法草案为中心

针对联合国货物运输法草案诞生后海运条约冲突存在的必然性,分析草案制定历程中先后公布的6份文本所呈现出的三种海运条约冲突解决模式:回避模式、优先模式和退约模式。认为回避模式太消极,应首先予以排除;优先模式和退约模式,均只能解决部分条约冲突,同时没有虑及未来新的条约。提出改进之途在于应一并考虑后法优于前法原则、善意履约原则、条约相对效力原则,同时适当运用条约优先地位条款。     

试论我国刑法关于贿赂犯罪之立法完善——以《联合国反腐败公约》为视角

《联合国反腐败公约》对贿赂犯罪做出了突破性规定，我国刑法中有关贿赂犯罪的立法与《联合国反腐败公约》相比，出现了诸多滞后之处。借鉴《联合国反腐败公约》关于贿赂犯罪的突破性规定，完善我国刑法贿赂犯罪之立法。     

论《联合国反腐败公约》框架下我国反海外贿赂的立法模式

《联合国反腐败公约》为国际社会反腐败提供了基本的法律指南和行动准则，对海外贿赂中的犯罪主体、法人责任等作了具体规定，并要求缔约国将该犯罪通过国内法予以规制。各国在将自己签订的反海外贿赂公约转化为国内立法时，都采用了适合本国特点的模式。我国在法律规制的方式上，应采用增设法条的形式，在法条的制定方面，借鉴美国的立法模式，增设“对外国公职人员、国际公共组织官员行贿罪”并在《公司法》上明确控股母公司对子公司的责任。     

Evaluating population structure of Ecuador for forensic STR markers

The continuous admixture events among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans occurred differently throughout the Ecuadorian territory, creating a diversified genetic composition. Therefore, to evaluate how the genetic diversity is partitioned along the country for 15 STRs, 842 admixed-population samples were analyzed. We also evaluated the effect of applying an adjustment for population structure when estimating LRs using a national database. The results showed that to accurately assess forensic evidence, the use of a national database may be justified with the application of an appropriate adjustment for population structure.     

论著作人格权保护在美国的演绎

著作人格权作为一种非财产性权利,是作者享有的基于作品产生的人格利益.著作人格权制度是版权体系和作者权体系的分水岭所在.现行美国《版权法》第106条之2保护“某些作者的署名权及其保护作品完整权”,可是美国真的保护著作人格权吗？最初,美国延续版权体系的传统,无论是在版权法案中还是在司法实践中都不保护著作人格权制度.直到1988年,美国加入《伯尔尼公约》后,为了履行公约义务不得不在其版权法案中加入著作人格权的保护条款,但在司法实践中,美国仍遵循版权是财产权的理念,通过对作者和作品范围严格限定并未真正保护著作人格权.     

INTERNATIONAL PARENTAL CHILD ABDUCTION: WHY WE NEED TO EXPAND CUSTODY RIGHTS PROTECTED UNDER THE CHILD ABDUCTION CONVENTION

The Child Abduction Convention, an international treaty, protects custody rights internationally among its member states by providing a remedy of return in cases where a child was wrongfully removed in violation of a parent's custody right. There is no such remedy for the violation of a parent's access (or visitation) rights. A ne exeat clause in a child custody agreement restrains a custodial parent from removing a child from a predetermined jurisdiction (such as a particular country) and can be issued when there is a risk that the custodial parent might flee to another country with the child(ren). Currently there is a circuit split within the United States as to whether a ne exeat right coupled with the right of access should equal a protected custody right under the Convention. Most international courts protect the ne exeat right under the Convention; however some do not. A ne exeat right should convey a protected custody right for policy reasons. The beneficial implications of a ne exeat right creating a protected custody right under the Child Abduction Convention clearly outweigh the detriments. While there is no instant solution to the inconsistencies among various courts in interpreting the Child Abduction Conventions’ scope in regard to a ne exeat right, there are ways to resolve the problem. If consistency in judicial interpretation cannot be achieved, a movement needs to be initiated to create a protocol to the Child Abduction Convention to further explain the scope of custody rights and ne exeat rights under the Convention.     

两岸三地间航空运输法律性质分析

我国现已加入<华沙公约>、<海牙议定书>以及<蒙特利尔公约>三大国际航空公约,并且对港澳台地区适用上述公约作出了特殊声明.<蒙特利尔公约>是对<华沙公约>体系下的航空法律制度的大变革.大陆地区与港澳台地区间的航空运输的性质决定了其法律适用的范围.因而,确定两岸三地间航空运输的法律性质就显得尤为重要.     

Ballistic fingerprinting databases

This article discusses a number of questions regarding the setting up of ballistic fingerprinting databases, consisting of ammunition components fired by all the firearms held in legal possession. These questions can be classified into three categories--the efficiency of the database, forensic issues, and practical issues to be dealt with. The current New York State legislation is used as an illustration of the choices to be made when setting up a ballistic fingerprinting database. Three important arguments are formulated against the installation of a ballistic fingerprinting database.