论遗传资源的获取和惠益分享的产生

遗传资源是对人类具有实际或潜在用途或价值的一类重要的生物资源,遗传资源的获取问题经历了从自由获取向限制获取的转变过程。《生物多样性公约》的通过,标志着遗传资源的获取和惠益分享国际法律规范的正式确立,而《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》则针对粮食和农业植物遗传资源的特殊性质建立了粮食和农业植物遗传资源的获取和惠益分享多边系统。     

Creating Legal Teeth for Toothfish: Using the Market to Protect Fish Stocks in Antarctica

Policies to protect Antarctic and Patagonian Toothfish in theSouthern Ocean are failing. Contests over sovereignty, the needfor international decisions to be approved by consensus, inabilityto physically patrol the Southern Ocean, and the political vacuumcreated by the designation of the ‘high seas’ haveeach contributed to an overfishing crisis in the Southern Oceanand Antarctica. After documenting the contours of this fishingcrisis and explaining how international law is unable to preventit, this article proposes a fundamental shift in strategy awayfrom supply-side controls that require a presence in Antarcticawhere the overfishing occurs. Lawmakers must utilise more rigorousdemand-side measures if Toothfish stocks are to be preservedand allowed to recover.     

Assistive technology as support for the exercise of legal capacity

Exercising legal capacity refers to engaging in legal transactions and relationships and is essential for the full inclusion of people with disabilities in society. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has enumerated the right to legal capacity on an equal basis and has created a state obligation to provide access to support for the exercise of legal capacity. This article examines the use of assistive devices as support for decision-making in exercising legal capacity for individuals with physical and cognitive impairments; for example, the use of voice recognition programmes, screen readers, and screen enlargement applications to support people with mobility and sensory impairments to use online portals essential for legal actions such as banking. It also discusses the experimental use of cognitive assistance, including computer or electrical assistive devices, to facilitate communication for people with cognitive impairments including those with no external signs of consciousness. It highlights the diversity of options for ‘support for the exercise of legal capacity’ showing how they can assist people with various disabilities. Finally, the article examines the boundaries of the state obligation to provide such support, including issues of practical implementation and resource allocation.     

The Implementation of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in a Non-Party State: Taiwan

This article introduces the implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in a non-Party state: Taiwan. It examines the reasons why Taiwan as a non-Party decided to voluntarily comply with the FCCC. The institutional and legal settings for an effective implementation, as well as the implementation strategies put forward by the Taiwanese academics and manifested by the government will be discussed. Critique of the implementation strategies pursued by the government, and external and domestic obstacles for an effective implementation will be investigated as well.     

《禁止化学武器公约》的核查机制

本文介绍了《禁止化学武器公约》的基本内容 ,探讨了该公约的各种监督实施程序和机制 ,包括公约的监督实施机构、一般核查制度、质疑性视察和有关执行措施。本文认为《禁止化学武器公约》所规定的核查机制是现行国际条约中一种最完善的监督实施机制 ,同时也指出并分析了其存在的问题     

洗钱罪构成要件与立法完善

我国现行《刑法》及《修正案》关于洗钱罪犯罪构成的设计还存在较多缺陷,与我国签署的相关国际公约还不协调,尤其未能把贪污贿赂犯罪纳入洗钱罪的上游犯罪,不利于惩治腐败犯罪,也不利于反洗钱的国际合作。因而,应尽快制定《反洗钱法》,惩治洗钱罪的上游犯罪,完善相关的刑事措施与制度,加强反洗钱国际合作。     

济南会展旅游的SWOT分析及发展对策

会展旅游被誉为“城市的面包”。近年来,济南市的会展旅游步入了快速发展时期,但发展的优劣势各异,机遇挑战并存,这就要求从战略和战术两个层面采取相应对策,以促进济南会展旅游的健康发展。     

海牙管辖权公约(草案)条件下的未决诉讼

不方便法院、最先受理与承认预期规则构成了未决诉讼制度的主要基础。由于其本身的缺陷 ,在现有的法律背景下 ,它们正在沦为歧视性工具或法院争夺司法利益的工具。《海牙管辖权公约 (草案 )》一旦正式成文并生效 ,将提供一种全新的法律背景 ,有助于未决诉讼制度公正目的的实现     

《联合国反腐败公约》预防机制透视及其启示

《联合国反腐败公约》提出,治理腐败犯罪必须建立一套科学的、可行的、综合的社会预防机制。这一机制的提出,对于健全和完善我国反腐败机制,特别是对反商业贿赂犯罪机制的建立和完善具有一定的借鉴价值。     

我国域外送达机制的困境与选择

对近年来我国域外送达的非常态事件以及调研数据的分析表明 ,先入为主的定性和效率的低下是我国目前域外送达中的诸种问题的症结所在。改变现状以提高送达效率的基本思路是观念的更新和完善有关制度。