金融诈骗罪立法体系之重构

我国刑法理论通说认为，金融诈骗罪的主要客体是金融秩序，但刑法典却将本类罪规定为结果犯、目的犯。这种构成形态与立法趣旨的悖反，源于人们对金融诈骗罪法益的模糊认识。金融诈骗罪属于诈骗罪的一种特殊形态，其主要客体应是公私财产权。我国刑法应当调整本类罪的体系，将其置于诈骗罪之下。     

浅析以危险方法危害公共安全罪

以危险方法危害公共安全罪在除放火、决水、爆炸以及投放毒害性、放射性、传染病病原体等物质的手段或者方法外,采取了概括性的描述＂其他危险方法＂,因此该罪犯罪构成的规定为开放的犯罪构成。在认定以危险方法危害公共安全的犯罪这种犯罪时,必须严格把握构成危害公共安全罪的特定要件。既不能盲目扩大解释,也不能任意缩小其范围,混淆罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的界限,导致定罪不准,量刑不当。     

论法律现实主义视野下的刑讯逼供

有关刑讯逼供的理论研究成果颇丰。而且，在地方性刑事诉讼规则中，为研究者所广泛称道的警察作证制度、讯问过程录音录像、律师在场权、沉默权、举证责任倒置等相关举措已经纳入“试验田”向实务部门推行。但实证调查显示，“书面中的法”和“行动中的法”存在较大的隔阂。现有学术研究偏向“口供虚无主义”的休克疗法该为此负责。遏制刑讯逼供的方法应当立足法治的本土资源，构建现实语境下警察讯问的权力监督体系，改进刑事侦查阶段的证明标准，创造犯罪嫌疑人自愿供述的条件，促成实务部门的执法规范化，达致控辩双方的平衡共赢局面。     

市县公安机关查办内部大要案件的难点与对策

当前市县公安机关纪检监察机构查办内部大要案件,仍面临着荣辱困惑、机构局限、对象特殊、人情干扰、成案偏低、后果敏感等难点问题,很不适应从严治警、反腐倡廉的客观需要;应当从辨证思维强化严肃查案的领导决策、调整充实优化纪检力量构成要素质、突出重点构建查办大案合围机制、突破案情力获定案论处证据体系、用足手段促使办案对象坦白服从、科学应对妥善处置查案后果多重效应等方面,来全面提升新形式下公安监督机构执纪办案标本兼治的最佳职能。     

收回死刑复核权面临的难题及其破解

It is of great significance for the Supreme Court of China (SCC) to take back the power of having judicial review for death sentences. For that purpose, first, we have to amend the procedures for judicial review for death sentences, including precisely defining the responsibility of the SCC to review death sentences, determining appropriate modes of review, prescribing the time limit of review, allowing the participation of defense lawyers and prosecutors, etc. Second, we must also amend the appellate procedures for capital cases, including holding hearings, comprehensive trial of key cases, and adjusting the time limit for the second instance. Third, we must improve relative systems that can directly affect the trial quality of capital cases, including the improvement of evidentiary rules, the reform of judicial committees, and the forbiddance to change an original sentence into a death sentence. Long Zongzhi, professor, chairs the academic commission at Southwestern University of Politics and Law. Meanwhile, he takes the vice chair of the supervising committee of legal education in the Ministry of Education of China. He advanced the theory of dual structure of criminal litigation in early 1990s and put forward the theory of relative reasonableness in late 1990s, which exerted great influence in academic law. Moreover, he has published a great number of works on criminal litigation, judicial system, and evidence law.     

近亲属请求死亡赔偿的法理基础

死亡抚恤金是国家或有关单位按相关法规规定给予死者近亲属和被扶养人一定金额的慰问金及生活补助费,抚恤金代替不了死亡赔偿。死者已无从取得主张赔偿的权利,但法律不能无视利益受到损害的近亲属。基于身份关系的重要性,从亲属法的角度进行分析,应当以近亲属身份权被侵害作为近亲属索赔的理论依据,近亲属不仅可以向直接致害人提起死亡赔偿,也可以要求学校和政府承担起相应的责任,这样才能使近亲属被侵害的身份利益得到真正的救济。     

死刑的适用原则与存废之争

死刑是以剥夺犯罪人生命为内容的最为严厉的刑罚，应遵循公正、功利与人道三大原则。死刑是起源最早的刑种，在几千年人类刑罚史上一直占据着刑罚体系的主导地位。死刑制度走向历来是一个极为敏感的问题。因此，如何评价死刑，保留或是废除，限制或是扩张，不仅是一个法律问题，也是一个非常重要的社会、政治问题。我国作为保留死刑的国家，限制与减少死刑已受到立法和司法的高度重视。     

2007年中国法治政府建设大盘点

2007年中国法治政府建设伴随着依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家的进程迈出了坚实的一步。在这一年里,民生是主流话语,民权是时代强音;公民的权利更多的是感受到法律的温情,而政府的权力则受到更多法律的掣肘。促进民生、公民参与、职能转变、权力约束、危机应对,构成了法治政府建设的主旋律。这些努力和成就,相信可以为中国实现法治政府的梦想奠定坚实基础。     

社会转型、法制化与法院调解

我国正处于社会转型时期,社会的法化程度不足,依法审判并不尽如人意。由于社会革命和政权建设破坏了传统的地方自治共同体,经济体制改革又瓦解了单位制,使得依赖于共同体和社会性制裁的民间调解难以恢复历史辉煌。经过几十年法制化的浸染,司法权威获得了社会的基本确认。调解与司法两个元素发生耦合,是法院调解在持续萎靡之后又在新世纪复兴的根本原因。但由于司法政策与程序制度之间出现断裂,法院强调调解出现了自我消解的危险趋势。只有继续加强审判制度建设,理清审判与调解的相互关系,并确定二者各自应有的相位,方是利用调解化解纠纷、满足转型时期维护社会稳定的需要,向法治迈进的基本路径。     

Blind validation of postmortem interval estimates using developmental rates of blow flies

This study evaluated the use of different degree day (DD) models, developmental thresholds and developmental data sources for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) based on developmental rates of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Blow fly evidence was collected from three mock crime scenes and sent for blind analysis of PMI. PMI estimates were calculated using averaging, single sine, double sine, single triangle, and double triangle models of DD calculation with minimum developmental thresholds of 0, 6 and 10 °C and Anderson's, Byrd and Allen's, Greenberg's, Nishida's and Kamal's developmental data sets. These estimates were compared with the actual PMI to determine which combination of DD model, developmental threshold and developmental data provided the most accurate estimate. For all three cases, at least one method gave a PMI estimation that was within 1 day of the actual date of death. There was no variability between PMI estimated using the five models of DD calculation. Overall, as lower developmental threshold increased, the PMI interval estimates increased. Depending on the developmental data set used, increasing the lower developmental threshold caused some overestimations of the date of oviposition, with estimates given that were prior to the actual death. Future PMI estimates should include error ranges, so that overestimation of PMI is avoided.