犯罪人与普通人的平等——非监禁刑的价值定位与路径选择

现代刑罚理论普遍采纳行刑个别化、社会化原则使得自由刑的执行更有利于犯罪人的再社会化，而目前我国对非监禁刑的价值认识模糊、研究滞后，导致社会接受度不高，司法实践对其适用也持保守态度。透视我国非监禁刑司法适用问题，分析非监禁刑的理念及价值定位，在构建公平正义社会过程中从价值理念和制度上完善、创新非监禁刑制度及法律适用，追求最大程度上的犯罪人与普通人的平等，才能彰显刑罚惩治与教育改造的双重功能。     

收回死刑复核权面临的难题及其破解

It is of great significance for the Supreme Court of China (SCC) to take back the power of having judicial review for death sentences. For that purpose, first, we have to amend the procedures for judicial review for death sentences, including precisely defining the responsibility of the SCC to review death sentences, determining appropriate modes of review, prescribing the time limit of review, allowing the participation of defense lawyers and prosecutors, etc. Second, we must also amend the appellate procedures for capital cases, including holding hearings, comprehensive trial of key cases, and adjusting the time limit for the second instance. Third, we must improve relative systems that can directly affect the trial quality of capital cases, including the improvement of evidentiary rules, the reform of judicial committees, and the forbiddance to change an original sentence into a death sentence. Long Zongzhi, professor, chairs the academic commission at Southwestern University of Politics and Law. Meanwhile, he takes the vice chair of the supervising committee of legal education in the Ministry of Education of China. He advanced the theory of dual structure of criminal litigation in early 1990s and put forward the theory of relative reasonableness in late 1990s, which exerted great influence in academic law. Moreover, he has published a great number of works on criminal litigation, judicial system, and evidence law.     

近亲属请求死亡赔偿的法理基础

死亡抚恤金是国家或有关单位按相关法规规定给予死者近亲属和被扶养人一定金额的慰问金及生活补助费,抚恤金代替不了死亡赔偿。死者已无从取得主张赔偿的权利,但法律不能无视利益受到损害的近亲属。基于身份关系的重要性,从亲属法的角度进行分析,应当以近亲属身份权被侵害作为近亲属索赔的理论依据,近亲属不仅可以向直接致害人提起死亡赔偿,也可以要求学校和政府承担起相应的责任,这样才能使近亲属被侵害的身份利益得到真正的救济。     

死刑的适用原则与存废之争

死刑是以剥夺犯罪人生命为内容的最为严厉的刑罚，应遵循公正、功利与人道三大原则。死刑是起源最早的刑种，在几千年人类刑罚史上一直占据着刑罚体系的主导地位。死刑制度走向历来是一个极为敏感的问题。因此，如何评价死刑，保留或是废除，限制或是扩张，不仅是一个法律问题，也是一个非常重要的社会、政治问题。我国作为保留死刑的国家，限制与减少死刑已受到立法和司法的高度重视。     

刑罚轻缓化视野下的中美自由刑执行措施比较

自由刑在当代各国刑罚体系中处于中心位置，刑罚轻缓化实现的关键在于自由刑的轻缓化。有效的执行措施是刑罚轻缓化实现的重要保证。中关两国在自由刑具体执行措施方面既有共性又有差异，深入理解并合理借鉴美国等发达国家的执刑措施，对促进中国刑罚轻缓化的发展具有积极意义。     

Blind validation of postmortem interval estimates using developmental rates of blow flies

This study evaluated the use of different degree day (DD) models, developmental thresholds and developmental data sources for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) based on developmental rates of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Blow fly evidence was collected from three mock crime scenes and sent for blind analysis of PMI. PMI estimates were calculated using averaging, single sine, double sine, single triangle, and double triangle models of DD calculation with minimum developmental thresholds of 0, 6 and 10 °C and Anderson's, Byrd and Allen's, Greenberg's, Nishida's and Kamal's developmental data sets. These estimates were compared with the actual PMI to determine which combination of DD model, developmental threshold and developmental data provided the most accurate estimate. For all three cases, at least one method gave a PMI estimation that was within 1 day of the actual date of death. There was no variability between PMI estimated using the five models of DD calculation. Overall, as lower developmental threshold increased, the PMI interval estimates increased. Depending on the developmental data set used, increasing the lower developmental threshold caused some overestimations of the date of oviposition, with estimates given that were prior to the actual death. Future PMI estimates should include error ranges, so that overestimation of PMI is avoided.     

论引入恢复性司法的合理性——以加强被害人保护为视角

司法过程不可以仅仅依据法条进行演绎三段论推理就可以实现，在对法条进行适用时，必须考虑法条背后蕴涵的法律原则和法律目的。法律规定作为利益冲突的一种协调和妥协方式，它以实现利益和价值的最大化以及共盈作为其根本原则和设立目的。恢复性司法是灵活平衡被告人和被害人双方利益以实现刑罚目的的一种有效手段。     

关于死刑案件证明标准的思考

我国死刑案件证明标准目前采用和普通刑事案件相同的证明标准,这不利于被告人的生命和自由的保障。应在定罪程序和量刑程序实现分离的基础上,对量刑阶段的证明标准加以提高。同时应分清留有余地判处死缓案件与疑案的情况,并采取不同的处理方式,证明标准的适用需要死刑程序加以保障。     

刑事政策视野中我国自由刑的改革

教育、改善犯罪人，是现代刑事政策赋予自由刑的中心使命。自由刑在完成该使命方面存在局限，主要表现为：报应要求与矫正目的的冲突；矫正受到刑种及刑期的制约和限制；监狱也是一所犯罪学校；矫正目的的实现受国家财政投入的限制；监狱的低效。建议根据刑事政策发展的趋势，从立法、司法、执行三方面着手改革我国自由刑。     

无直接利益冲突犯罪初探

社会转型时期，由于利益的分化，社会冲突呈现出新的特点，部分地区甚至出现了无直接利益冲突的犯罪行为，需要引起足够的重视。本文介绍了对无直接利益冲突犯罪的合理界定，分析了在中国的现实状况和表现出的特点，阐释了无直接利益冲突犯罪存在可能的原因，最後提出社会合理化的刑事立法、司法和刑事一体化的综合规制对策。