我国监察侦查的学理展开

《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》(以下简称《宪法修正案》)的通过、《中华人民共和国监察法》(以下简称《监察法》)的制定、《中华人民共和国刑法诉讼法》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》)的修改,标志着我国反腐法治化的进一步发展,将检察机关对“贪污贿赂犯罪和国家工作人员的渎职犯罪”案件的侦查权剥离给监察委员会,由监察机关按照《监察法》的内在逻辑对这些犯罪行使“调查权”,实质是将监察权引入刑事诉讼,监察机关对这些职务犯罪的调查权实质是“侦查权”。按照刑事侦查一般原理,以及我国刑事司法全面法治化的推进逻辑,特别是刑事诉讼宪法化的内在要求,《刑事诉讼法》与《监察法》未来发展需要对监察机关“调查权”一并进行调整,要围绕“侦查权”双向落位重塑“调查权”,要做到授权与控权同时并举,进一步规范立案机制,完善侦查原则,优化侦查构造,规范侦查行为。监察侦查权的法治化,既伴随着再次修宪中检察权的适度调适,也伴随着《刑事诉讼法》与《监察法》相应一并修改时检察机关侦查监督权的适度拓展。     

信号检测论视角下法医精神病鉴定意见的评判

鉴定意见准确是高质量法医精神病鉴定的必然要求。然而,法医精神病鉴定是由鉴定人来实施的,在鉴定过程中,鉴定人需要进行一系列判断和识别,鉴定意见是鉴定人一系列识别和判断的结果。探讨法医精神病鉴定中鉴定人识别和判断活动的特征,并结合信号检测论所揭示的人进行识别和判断活动的心理学规律,探讨法医精神病鉴定意见准确性的影响因素,以及由信号检测论所揭示的规律对于正确认识法医精神病鉴定的准确性、提高法医精神病鉴定质量的指导价值和意义。     

权力与权利和谐的现实分析--从不受酷刑权的角度

不受酷刑权是犯罪嫌疑人的基本人权,如果得不到有效保障,根本谈不上建立以人为本的和谐社会.而侦查机关拥有强大权力,极易滥用侵害犯罪嫌疑人的不受酷刑权.法律必须赋予犯罪嫌疑人必要的程序性人权来抵御侦查权的侵犯,从而达到权力与权利的和谐.就目前我国不受酷刑权与侦查权冲突进行了分析,并基于我国现实,对我国保障公民不受酷刑的法律制度完善提出了建议.     

Detection of Inflicted Bruises by Alternate Light: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Bruises are often difficult to detect on victims of violence, potentially impacting investigation and prosecution. The purpose of our randomized controlled trial was to measure the effectiveness of an alternate light source (ALS) within visible and long ultraviolet spectrums at improving bruise detection compared to white light over time. We also examined the effects of skin color, age, gender, localized fat, and injury mechanism on bruise detection. Participants included 157 healthy adults with balanced sampling across six skin color categories. Bruises were created under the controlled application of a paintball pellet and dropped weight to one upper and lower arm, respectively. Using a crossover design, both bruises were examined 21 times over 4 weeks. Ten different wavelength (350–535 nm) and filter (yellow, orange, red) combinations were used. Multilevel models were used to analyze 2903 examinations on both upper and lower arms. Results in multivariable models showed after controlling for other covariates 415 and 450 nm using a yellow filter had greater odds of detecting evidence of bruising than white light (Upper Arm: 415 nm: OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 4.35–6.56; 450 nm: OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 3.36–4.96). Under either light source, being female and having more localized fat had increased odds of detecting bruises created by the dropped weight (female: OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.37–3.70; fat: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34). Our results support ALS as an appropriate tool to enhance concurrent physical assessment of bruises in the presence of known history of injury. Future development and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for ALS application are needed.     

Quantitation of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Plant Materials Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection (Validated Method)

Plant based products laced with synthetic cannabinoids have become popular substances of abuse over the last decade. Quantitative analysis for synthetic cannabinoid content in the laced materials is necessary for health hazard assessments addressing overall exposure and toxicity when the products are smoked. A validated, broadly applicable HPLC‐UV method for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids in plant materials is presented, using acetonitrile extraction and separation on a commercial phenylhexyl stationary phase. UV detection provides excellent sensitivity with limits of quantitation (LOQs) less than 10 μg/g for many cannabinoids. The method was validated for several structural classes (dibenzopyrans, cyclohexylphenols, naphthoylindoles, benzoylindoles, phenylacetylindoles, tetramethylcyclopropylindoles) based on spike recovery experiments in multiple plant materials over a wide cannabinoid contents range (0.1–81 mg/g). Average recovery across 32 cannabinoids was 94% for marshmallow leaf, 95% for damiana leaf, and 92% for mullein leaf. The method was applied to a series of case‐related products with determined amounts ranging from 0.2 to >100 mg/g.     

论我国反恐特别侦查程序的制度构建

当前，随着恐怖犯罪行为秘密化、组织化、技术化趋势的不断发展，愈发凸显出普通刑事程序规则在预防和打击恐怖犯罪方面的缺陷和不足，并对具体的如调查取证、人身羁押、技侦等特殊侦查措施的应用造成了很大困难。为此，本文建议我国应在反思本国实践教训和借鉴外国经验的基础上，通过不断的理念突破和制度创新，构建符合我国反恐实践的特别侦查程序机制。     

Comparison of Chemical and Heating Methods to Enhance Latent Fingerprint Deposits on Thermal Paper

A comparison is made of proprietary methods to develop latent fingerprint deposits on the inked side of thermal paper using either chemical treatment (Thermanin) or the application of heat to the paper (Hot Print System). Results with a trial of five donors show that the application of heat produces statistically significantly more fingerprint ridge detail than the chemical treatment for both fingerprint deposits aged up to 4 weeks and for a nine sequence depletion series. Subjecting the thermal paper to heat treatment with the Hot Print System did not inhibit subsequent ninhydrin chemical development of fingerprint deposits on the noninked side of the paper. A further benefit of the application of heat is the rapid development of fingerprint deposits (less than a minute) compared with up to 12 h for the Thermanin chemical treatment.     

论心理策略在侦查破案中的运用及优化

侦查行为不是由侦查人员一方单独实施的行为,而是侦查人员与犯罪分子相互较量的一种互动行为。在这个过程中,不可避免地要应用到侦查心理策略。因此,侦查心理策略的运用可以使我们掌握犯罪分子的作案动机、目的等,为刑事案件的突破起到举足轻重的作用。本文将阐述侦查阶段心理策略的基本内涵和具体运用,并对于侦查心理策略的优化提出相应对策。     

信息化背景下被盗艺术品登记制度研究简

随着艺术品价格的不断攀升,艺术品被盗案件也呈现出日益猖獗之势.为了有效打击盗窃艺术品的犯罪行为,有必要建立一种高效的、适合艺术品犯罪特点的制度来进行有效的管理和预防.被盗艺术品登记制度不论在打击还是预防被盗艺术品犯罪方面都可以发挥重要作用.