打击传销犯罪案件侦查新模式

创新打击传销犯罪侦查模式,要充分利用信息化侦查手段,拓展传销犯罪的线索来源。通过慎密侦查,精心经营案件线索,初步查明犯罪事实,准确定性;充分做好准备工作,制定处置预案;组织力量,明确分工,抓捕犯罪嫌疑人,取缔传销窝点;跟踪资金流向,准确认定传销犯罪的组织者与领导者;彻底摧毁传销组织、杜绝传销行为,标本兼治,实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。     

Attorneys and Negotiation Ethics: A Material Misunderstanding?

Our research suggests that a true norm of ethical negotiation behavior exists within the legal profession. This conclusion is tempered, however, with the knowledge that a large minority of our research respondents — at times approaching one‐third of them — engaged in unethical and even fraudulent behavior. Additionally, the survey respondents were not saddled with the pressures that practicing attorneys typically confront (pressures likely to make people behave less, rather than more, ethically). In an attempt to understand the reasons for such a high frequency of unethical negotiation, we have identified three major contributing factors: too many lawyers have only a superficial understanding of rules that are more complicated than they appear; lawyers frequently take their “zealous advocate” role too far, thereby placing client loyalty above other important values such as respect for truth and justice; and the practice of law and the people who are drawn to it are highly competitive. To address these factors, we suggest approaching the problem from several different angles. In the classroom, we suggest a focus on the relevant legal standards, including a focus on the often misunderstood law of fraudulent misrepresentations. Because many students fail to appreciate the differences between “ethical” behavior, the floor of socially acceptable conduct, and the expectations that others have for how they will be treated, we also suggest that lawyer training programs focus on the important role that personal relationships and one's reputation play in the legal profession, and how falling short in these areas can decrease one's negotiation effectiveness. For the profession itself, we also suggest clarifying the attorney rules of conduct and provide a number of tactics and strategies to defend against lying and deception during negotiation. Finally, we recognize there are certain psychological factors at play that can cause people to engage in behavior inconsistent with their personal sense of ethics. We believe the only way to avoid these lapses is to integrate conscious and reflective practices that can bring ethical concerns to the forefront of lawyers' decision‐making and thought processes.     

我国警察圈套抗辩陷入困境原因分析

2012年修订后的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第151条第1款已然将"诱惑侦查"纳入立法规制之中。其实,诱惑侦查在我国刑事侦查活动中早已大量运用,并且在打击犯罪、保障人权方面发挥着独特的作用。然而诱惑侦查一旦运用不当,就会侵犯公民、犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权益,成为"警察圈套"。侦查程序的高度封闭性、立法规定的空白、裁判者难以作出无罪判决或终止诉讼程序的判决三方面的原因使得在我国刑事诉讼中的警察圈套抗辩陷入困境。     

刑法视野中的“诱惑侦查”

诱惑侦查可分为机会提供型诱惑侦查与犯意诱发型诱惑侦查。前者是合法的、狭义的诱惑侦查,其以结果无价值和法益衡量说为法理基础而合法化;后者是非法、广义的诱惑侦查,其表面上符合陷害教唆但实质上应属于滥用职权罪。将刑法原理引入侦查学领域,有利于增强侦查学的学科基础。     

水貂肠炎病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

以抗水貂肠炎病毒(mink enteritis virus,MEV)单克隆抗体为捕获抗体、兔抗MEV多克隆抗体为检测抗体,建立了MEV双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法。该方法用于MEV抗原的检测。经过试验,单克隆抗体的最适稀释度为1∶20,兔抗MEV多克隆抗体的最适稀释度为1∶3 200。用该ELISA方法分别检测MEV、水貂阿留申病病毒、犬瘟热病毒样品。结果表明,ELISA方法具有良好的特异性。用该ELISA和PCR同时检测158份临床样品,其中ELISA检测40份为阳性,PCR检测44份为阳性,该ELISA的特异性和敏感性分别为95.6%和79.5%,这2种方法的符合率为91.1%。该方法的建立为MEV的检测及水貂病毒性肠炎的流行病学调查提供了工具。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒环介导等温扩增检测方法的建立

针对猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因保守区域设计并合成了4条引物,建立了伪狂犬病病毒的环介导等温扩增检测方法,并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验。结果显示,该方法可特异性地检测猪伪狂犬病病毒强毒株,不能检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪细小病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪流感病毒和猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因缺失疫苗株;该方法的最低检测量可达100个拷贝质粒DNA,比常规PCR方法的敏感性高10倍。试验表明建立的环介导等温扩增方法具有较高的特异性、敏感性和可重复性,可用于伪狂犬病病毒的快速诊断。     

H1N1和H3N2亚型流感病毒基因芯片检测方法的建立

为建立同时能鉴别甲型H1N1和猪流感病毒常见亚型的新型基因芯片检测方法,根据GenBank中已发表的甲型流感病毒MP的基因序列和甲型H1N1(2009)和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型的基因序列,设计、筛选并合成7对特异性引物和1对通用引物;根据扩增的靶序列,设计并合成14条特异性探针和3条质控探针,制备了甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型基因芯片;并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验和田间样品的检测。结果显示,该芯片检测方法与猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)等猪常见病毒无交叉反应;对猪H1N1、猪H3N2和甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒而言,最低可检测到105、104和105稀释的病毒株。结果证实,该方法特异性强、敏感性高,是一种高通量的甲型H1N1和猪流感常见亚型筛查方法。     

Pathogen detection using a liquid array technology

Abstract: Low concentrations of microbial pathogens in pure and mixed samples were detected using a bead‐based, liquid array technology. A 20‐bp sequence in the 23S rRNA gene, rrl, was amplified in four microorganisms: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus. PCR products were positively identified with the Luminex^® 100? system. The system could detect very low amounts of DNA and the instrument response was proportional to the input concentration. The lower limit of detection (LLD) was determined to be 0.5 ng for B. cereus and E. coli and 2 ng for S. enterica. The LLD for S. aureus was not determined as the instrument response was still above the threshold when quantities of DNA as low as 0.25 ng were used. The platform positively identified organisms present in mixed samples even when the minor component was overshadowed by a 10‐fold excess of the major component.     

信息化背景下侦查效益的最大化——以公安大情报系统建设为视角

侦查效益最大化是指在现有的侦查资源条件下,以最低最少的侦查成本投入获取最优最满意的侦查收益。提高侦查效益的方法有两种：一是在收益既定的情况下减少侦查成本;二是在成本既定的情况下优化资源配置。在目前信息科学技术迅猛发展的情况下,加快构建以信息化应用为支撑、以情报信息研判为主要内容、以服务于警务决策为目标的公安大情报系统,有效整合各类信息资源,充分发挥情报在侦查决策、打击犯罪、重点人员动态管控、重大事件预警等工作中的主导作用,不失为提高侦查效益的一种有效途径。