委托理财协议中的保底条款效力之追问

保底条款是委托理财协议中最重要的条款,它不仅决定了这种投资方式的存在与否,同时亦是委托理财失败诉争时当事双方相持不下的根本原因。对于该条款的效力认定,目前的法律与司法实践并没有提供能真正能起到指导与评价作用的答案。因此,从合同的私法性、社会法性及保底条款与其它条款的勾连角度来追问保底条款的效力问题是合理与适法判决的关键所在。     

整合情报信息优化警察临战决策

实现对警察临战活动的动态管理,建立警察临战决策支持系统,帮助临战指挥者在短时间内迅速而科学地作出和实施突发性事件决策,是获取临战活动竞争优势的保证。基于数据仓库的临战决策支持系统,利用数据挖掘技术建立各种模型和知识仓库进行分析,并通过一系列形象化手段向临战决策者提供分析结果,可使决策者从更广泛、更全面的视角了解临战情况并分析其发展趋势及内在原因并据此作出更科学的决策。     

大调解机制的创新与完善--以郴州市X县大调解机制为考察对象

在创新有效预防与化解社会矛盾体制的社会治理目标下，重新审视大调解机制仍具有实践意义。目前，郴州市X县的大调解模式运行成效显著，但存在着行政色彩较浓，调解员保障机制不健全、监督机制缺位等问题。为了使大调解机制长效运行，应当将其纳入法治轨道、并且实现调解队伍的职业化与监督机制的一体化。     

Who do you believe? Assessing student and community member perceptions of bystander and victim witnesses

ABSTRACT

Eyewitness identifications provide critical evidence as they are often persuasive to jurors, but documented misidentifications have led to wrongful convictions . Researchers have examined how jurors evaluate multiple eyewitnesses, but not different types of eyewitnesses, such as bystanders and victims. Additionally, none of this research has examined jurors’ ability to evaluate bystander and victim identifications that vary in quality. Two studies examined student and community members’ perceptions of bystander and victim witnesses. Study 1 participants read about a good or poor-quality identification made by a bystander or victim. Study 2 participants read about both bystander and victim identifications that varied in quality. Both studies found jurors were sensitive to identification quality as demonstrated by a variety of legal decisions, including verdict, though the quality of a second identification in Study 2 did not change any legal decisions. Multiple differences between student and community member samples emerged across both studies suggesting that community members are more likely to trust witnesses and convict. Reliance on student samples may overestimate jurors’ ability to evaluate multiple eyewitnesses and underestimate the likelihood of conviction based on flawed eyewitness evidence.     

Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer‐based comparisons

Forensic firearm examination provides the court of law with information about the source of fired cartridge cases. We assessed the validity of source decisions of a computer‐based method and of 73 firearm examiners who compared breechface and firing pin impressions of 48 comparison sets. We also compared the computer‐based method's comparison scores with the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments and assessed the validity of the latter. The true‐positive rate (sensitivity) and true‐negative rate (specificity) of the computer‐based method (for the comparison of both the breechface and firing pin impressions) were 94.4% and at least 91.7%, respectively. For the examiners, the true‐positive rate was at least 95.3% and the true‐negative rate was at least 86.2%. The validity of the source decisions improved when the evaluations of breechface and firing pin impressions were combined and for the examiners also when the perceived difficulty of the comparison decreased. The examiners were reluctant to provide source decisions for "difficult" comparisons even though their source decisions were mostly correct. The correlation between the computer‐based method's comparison scores and the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments was low for the same‐source comparisons to negligible for the different‐source comparisons. Combining the outcomes of computer‐based methods with the judgments of examiners could increase the validity of firearm examinations. The examiners' numerical degree‐of‐support judgments for their source decisions were not well‐calibrated and showed clear signs of overconfidence. We suggest studying the merits of performance feedback to calibrate these judgments.     

中国社区民间组织法律治理机制探析

社区民间组织具有基层性、规模需求和影响相对小、数量多的属性。目前对社区民间组织的法律治理已基本做到了有法可依,各地也积累了一定的实践经验,但社区民间组织在成立门槛、竞争主体、活动资源、内部自律和外部监督等方面还存在诸多问题。当前应针对社区民间组织本身的特点,结合实践经验,完善社区民间组织的立法,并通过立法和法律的实施建立促进该组织发展的准入、竞争、激励和监督等四大法律治理机制。     

行政决策听证及其存在问题、对策初探

现行听证会给公众造成了听证走过场的不良印象;对策是制定行政程序法典,扩大听证范围,公开征求民意渠道,延长听证时间,建立代表意见回应机制,分离听证组织机构与决策机关。     

Sentencing disparity: An analysis of judicial consistency

This paper reports the results of an analysis of judicial disparity in the sentencing of persons represented by legal-aid lawyers. Because the socioeconomic characteristics of legal-aid clients are fairly uniform, the analysis of such cases made it possible to explore the influence of case facts, system factors, and the judicial disparity of the sentences given in relatively similar situations. The analysis finds that case facts and offender characteristics, particularly prior record, are good predictors of sentence type and excellent predictors of sentence length. While there was some indication of judicial inconsistency in sentence-type decisions, that is, unexplained variation from case to case, there was little indication of strong individual judicial bias across the cases used in the analysis.     

我国公共决策主体多元体系的建构与完善

本文基于系统理论的研究视角,认为我国的公共决策主体体系包括核心层决策主体、中间层决策主体、外部层决策主体,并从各个子系统的角度提出了优化公共决蓑主体体系并提升其能力的途径与方法,以期实现科学的公共决策多元参与,提升公共决策体系整体能力,实现公共决策主体体系总体功能的最大化。     

党的十七届三中全会召开的时代背景

十七届三中全会的召开具有其特定的时代背景,是破解农村发展现状和应对当前复杂的国际国内形势的需要。