新媒体时代决策科学化探析

在信息时代,网络、手机等以网络信息技术为基础的新媒体的快速发展,为决策科学化带来了机遇和挑战.决策科学化需要大量的信息和专家咨询,需要民主参与以及有效的反馈和监督机制.新媒体的广泛应用为决策科学化奠定了坚实的技术基础.     

论行政决策法治化的程序进路

学者们主要从程序法治的角度切入,寻求行政决策法治化的解决方案。这样的研究进路有其深刻的理论、社会和历史背景。行政决策法治化的程序进路对理论研究、立法实践、公众舆论以及普通人的思维和行动都有很大影响。程序进路虽然能够有效地回应理论上的质疑,但对于行政决策法治化的实践难题却未能提供可行的解决方案。因为这些问题不是单纯靠引入先进的程序制度和理论所能解决的,我们需要的是能够表达自己真实生活感受的实证研究。     

社区矫正对象的复原力发展过程探究

运用质的研究方法，对上海市15名社区矫正对象开展深入访谈，根据复原力理论“过程说”的内涵，及“个人-环境”互动理论，对社区矫正对象的复原力发展过程进行分析。社区矫正对象经历了“正常生活——进入刑事案件流程——进入社区矫正——解除社区矫正”四个不同阶段，复原力发展过程具有阶段性特点并呈现出“原生期——剧变期——重建期——成长期”的复原力发展过程图式。社区矫正社会工作者要建立以促进复原力发展为核心的服务理念，依托个案管理，依据社区矫正对象所处复原力发展阶段、个人特质等设定具体可行的服务目标，积极调动现有保护性因素，注重将重大事件发生的时间节点作为重要的介入契机，实施整合性、体系化的社区矫正社会工作服务策略。     

民事诉讼代表人制度中诉讼当事人制度论

我国现有的民事诉讼代表人制度中,将人数众多一方中的每个成员均视作诉讼当事人,但只将诉讼权利义务赋予代表人,被代表的当事人却无进行诉讼的权利和义务。这样的制度安排看似符合群体诉讼的特性要求,但却与民事诉讼制度原理相悖。考察相关国家的制度安排,发现我国现有代表人制度中的诉讼当事人确定既阻碍了诉讼当事人平等原则的贯彻,又不能使代表人充分进行诉讼,从而成为该制度不能被广泛适用的先天缺陷之一。因此,作为解决群体纠纷的诉讼机制,代表人制度中诉讼当事人的选择,既要满足群体诉讼的特殊要求,又应契合民事诉讼当事人制度原理的运行机制。     

Empathy,distance, and blame: juror perceptions of black male homicide victims in capital cases

The courts have consistently struggled with the discriminatory imposition of the death penalty. This research employs data from the Capital Jury Project which seeks to identify arbitrariness in jurors’ decision-making. Results indicate that Black male victims are perceived to be the most likely to have a problem with drugs/alcohol and come from poor/deprived backgrounds and the least likely to be respected in the community and be perceived as innocent. Black male victims and their families also receive the least empathy from jurors, whom jurors feel the most distance from, and who are most to blame for their victimization. Results suggest the enduring racialization of violent crime and the continuing devaluation of the lives of Black males in American society.     

比较视角下的不可靠实体清单制度

不可靠实体清单制度的基本定位是对他国歧视性的出口管制及其他制裁措施的反制。就否认和抵消他国相关国内法措施的域外适用效力而言,不可靠实体清单与欧盟阻断立法有相通之处,但运作逻辑不尽相同。本质上,不可靠实体清单制度是要对外国实体施加压力并形成威慑,促使其在遵守外国政府的管制和制裁要求时,更加中立、慎重和克制。外国实体被列入不可靠实体清单后,其所产生的法律后果可以包括进出口管制、投资限制、入境/居留限制、风险警示、民事诉讼等。不可靠实体清单制度在实施过程中应当注意原则性与灵活性相结合,赋予主管部门必要的自由裁量权,重在发挥威慑作用。同时,有关执法部门应特别注意遵照正当行政程序的要求,保障相关外国实体的申辩权和异议权。     

Peacebuilding think tanks,Indian foreign policy and the Kashmir conflict

Abstract

Foreign policy making in India is typically viewed as highly centralised and dominated by the Prime Minister’s Office and bureaucracy. Yet in 2004, the Congress-Party-led United Progressive Alliance government launched a Composite Dialogue with Pakistan which included a place for Indian think tanks in the Kashmir dispute. We suggest that as India liberalised its economy amidst domestic political upheaval, think tanks were given greater access to domestic and foreign funding and adopted new roles in foreign policy making. In the case of the Kashmir conflict, peacebuilding think tanks were encouraged by the government to engage in cross-border activities that would build constituencies for peace with Pakistan and promote economic cooperation as an incentive for peace. While the government aimed to depoliticise the conflict, these think tanks used this opportunity to draw attention to marginalised perspectives and issues. Peacebuilding think tanks nonetheless faced significant challenges in shaping the peace process because of structural constraints regarding access to resources and lack of autonomy to further their agendas. This reflected resistance within the state to depoliticising a conflict that has long been India’s central national security issue.     

Deliberative Decision-Making on the Norwegian County Social Welfare Board: The Experiences of Expert and Lay Members

This article examine the entire population of expert and lay decision-makers on the Norwegian County Social Welfare Board, with 57% responding (n = 1598), asked whether they experience being fully informed about the facts in the case; are equal partners in the decision-making team, and if their arguments are taken seriously. Findings show they were highly satisfied with the proceeding and their role in it, and they positively highlighted the judge's role in the decision-making process. However, expert and lay persons are not provided with documents in a timely manner, and some lay members felt subordinate to the other decision-makers.     

网络参与下的政府决策回应模式

网络参与将对政府决策产生深刻影响。探索政府在网络参与环境下如何回应,其机制何在,有何形态,具有重要意义。本文分析了网络参与对政府决策的影响机制:权力和信息,并通过大量案例实证分析,提出鸵鸟模式、杜鹃模式、蜂王模式和鸳鸯模式等四种网络参与下的政府决策回应模式,探讨了从冲突走向协商的可能性和途径,以期促进有序规范的网络参与,提高政府对民众的回应性和提升治理效能。     

国内马克思主义大众化研究综述

党的十七大报告提出了推动当代中国马克思主义大众化的战略任务,理论界从内涵、重要性、路径、历史进程等多方面进行了研究,直面时代困境提出了解决方案,本文全方位予以综述解读,理论结合实践为马克思主义大众化的进一步展开提供了参照和借鉴。