民族文化旅游产品开发探析

旅游产品整体上具有文化性 ,旅游产品的生产过程是一种经济运作过程 ,同时也是一种文化创造过程。从这一意义上讲 ,所有的旅游活动都可视为文化旅游。民族文化以历史文化或地域文化的形式 ,可以渗透到所有旅游产品的开发过程中 ,与其它旅游资源要素组合 ,深化和影响各类旅游产品的内涵和功能     

上海市私车牌照拍卖的行政法学思考

上海市私车牌照拍卖自1986年至今,就一直没有看到市政府有关部门对此行为的合法性作出令人信服的说明。《行政许可法》和《道路交通安全法》的颁布实施,使得人们再次对这一做法投以关注的目光。     

构建我国缺陷产品召回制度的思考

建立我国的缺陷产品召回制度已是当务之急。我国有关缺陷产品召回制度的法律规范效力层次低下,缺乏应有的权威性;规范原则性过强,缺乏可操作性;召回管理主体不明以及管理主体不具备专业性,导致缺陷产品召回制度的功能难以真正实现。应制定有关缺陷产品召回制度的基本法律;修改《产品质量法》关于“产品缺陷”的界定,统一产品召回标准;明确规定发展缺陷不能成为召回责任的免责事由;建立分工明确、各司其职的缺陷产品召回管理机构体系。     

中英美公安产品供给模式比较探析

本文通过对我国、英国及美国公安产品供给模式的比较,分析其相关与相异之处。并借鉴国外长处,探索我国公安产品供给模式演进的可能性与可行性。     

比较法视野中的销售者责任

与我国主流学者主张销售者承担产品严格责任不同,世界上绝大多数国家学者认为,承担产品责任对销售者而言是不公平的。美国虽从总体上对销售者承担产品责任持肯定态度,但现实中施加了许多限制,而由于警示缺陷只须承担过错责任,销售者责任已在很大程度上偏离了传统严格责任的内涵。我国不加限制地要求销售者承担产品责任之正当性值得怀疑,需要重新反思。     

浅析WTO视角下的数码产品零关税政策

2012年5月,以美国为首的76个国家和地区决定启动世界贸易组织信息技术协议的修订谈判,谈判各方决定扩大零关税的数码产品目录范围。必须从各个主体的角度分析零关税的利弊,分析中国数码产品市场和数码产品生产商害怕零关税扩大实施的真正原因,并提出一系列建议来应对数码产品零关税的大范围入侵,努力促进我国转变成为零关税政策的受益者。     

Do donors cooperatively fund foreign aid?

Donor’s demand equations for alternative forms of aid are derived for three allocation processes: noncooperative Nash-Cournot, cooperative Lindahl, and bureaucratic. Based on OECD data for official development assistance for 1970–2001, we apply non-nested tests to distinguish between Nash-Cournot and Lindahl reduced-form equations for 15 major donor nations. Noncooperative Nash-Cournot behavior characterizes many donors, with a few abiding by bureaucratic behavior and none by Lindahl behavior. Joint products are present for multilateral and bilateral giving. Despite the common-pool nature of giving to multilateral organizations, countries derive donor-specific benefits and often view others’ donations as complementary to their own gifts.      

Informal institutions,forms of state and democracy: the Turkish deep state

Democratization studies have proven that the main difference between autocracy and democracy is, counter-intuitively, not the basic regime structure, but rather, the function and validity of democratic formal institutions defined as rules and norms.1 For the institutionalist turn in democratization studies, see O'Donnell, ‘Delegative Democracy’; O'Donnell, ‘Another Institutionalization’; O'Donnell, ‘Polyarchies’; Lauth, ‘Informal Institutions’; Merkel and Croissant, ‘Formale und informale Institutionen’; Weyland, ‘Limitations’; Helmke and Levitsky, Informal Institutions. View all notes In ‘defective democracies’,2 Merkel, ‘Embedded and Defective’. View all notes or in the grey zone between authoritarian regimes and consolidated democracies, formal institutions disguise specific informal institutions which are usually ‘the actual rules that are being followed’.3 O'Donnell, ‘Illusions About Consolidation’, 10. View all notes Moreover, scholars have investigated the issue of stateness: ‘without a state, no modern democracy is possible’.4 Linz and Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition, 17. View all notes This article sheds light on this grey zone, particularly, on the type of state whose coercive state apparatus is autonomous. Its autonomy results primarily from the interplay between formal and informal institutions in post-transitional settings where ‘perverse institutionalization’5 Valenzuela, ‘Democratic Consolidation’, 62. View all notes creates and fosters undemocratic informal rules and/or enshrines them as formal codes. If the military autonomy reaches a threshold ranging from high to very high, constitutional institutions become Janus-faced and can enforce a sui generis repertoire of undemocratic informal institutions. Thus, the state exerts formal and informal ‘domination’,6 Weber, Economy and Society. View all notes Herrschaft in a Weberian sense. This modality of dual domination is what I call ‘deep state’.     

化妆品保质期限的法理分析

目前化妆品越来越成为一种生活必需品,由于化妆品质量导致侵权的案件也呈上升趋势,其中,化妆品外包装标注的保质期是否为开封后的保质期,即化妆品开封后的保质期限是否属于消费者的知情权范围成为消费者和商家争论的一个焦点.尽管我国法律明确规定消费者享有知情权,但对知情权的范围规定得比较笼统,导致实践中知情权不当扩大,从而威胁生产经营者利益的情况.针对这一现状,司法审判中有必要根据不同类别的消费对象对消费者知情权的范围作出界定.这样不仅有利于消费者知情权的实现,也有利于保护生产经营者的合法权利.     

输血安全法的比较研究

在世界范围内,关于输血安全的法律调整有一个认识与发展的过程。现今两大法系殊途同归,就血液是产品,实行严格责任,用输血保险转嫁风险等,有了共识与规范。从比较法研究中,我们可以获得启示与借鉴,顺应历史潮流,构建我国输血安全法律制度,促进社会和谐。