陕西都市农业发展中的政府行为——以西安市为例

都市农业实践遍布世界各地。当前,都市农业是统筹城乡发展、建设社会主义新农村的必由之路。西安市都市农业的实践和SWOT分析表明,都市农业具有显著的公共物品的特征,拥有有效的政府管理是顺利推进都市农业发展的最基本条件。陕西省政府应优化区域布局,强化政策引导;改革投资机制,加强基础设施;健全服务体系,强化社会服务;完善配套法规,稳定政策扶持;培训新型农民,提高科技支撑。     

Differentiating Between Generally and Partner-Only Violent Subgroups: Lifetime Antisocial Behavior,Family of Origin Violence,and Impulsivity

The present study examined self-reported lifetime antisocial behavior, family of origin violence, and impulsivity/behavioral disinhibition of 73 men entering treatment for partner violence. Participants were designated as generally violent (GV) (n = 46) or partner only violent (n = 27), based on self-reported violence against non-intimate individuals during the year prior to intake. As hypothesized, GV men reported more conduct disorder/delinquent behaviors, lifetime antisocial behaviors, and family of origin violence. The GV men also reported more behavioral disinhibition, however, group differences on impulsivity only approached statistical significance. In addition, as hypothesized, GV men reported they were more psychologically abusive toward their intimate partners. However, contrary to expectations, the subgroups did not differ on reports of physical violence toward their partners. This study employed a fairly simple technique of dividing men into groups based on self-reports of violence over the past year, thereby producing subgroups that differed on a number of important characteristics that may have implications for treatment. An advantage of this technique is that it would be relatively easy for other treatment programs to apply.

论《反不正当竞争法》一般条款的适用

随着市场经济竞争的日趋激烈,各种新型不正当竞争行为层出不穷,为了加强对正当竞争主体的保护,应明确《反不正当竞争法》一般条款适用的条件、一般条款适用的限制规定,创造一个公平竞争的市场交易环境。     

转型时期地方政府决策行为分析

转型时期,地方政府的决策行为在不同领域具有不同特点,影响因素主要来自职能与角色定位、法律与政策、利益与官员素质、任期与资历、信息与监督等方面,为此,必须通过界定地方政府的决策权力边界,规范决策程序,公开决策过程,加强决策监督,让地方政府在决策时正确地做事,做正确的事。     

The Bystander in Relation to the Victim and the Perpetrator: Today and During the Holocaust

Most of the social-psychological literature assumes that prosocial behavior is part of the basic human repertoire and only when certain conditions become unfavorable, will the natural prosocial tendency fail (Latane & Darley, 1970). Only few researchers have addressed the general tendency toward bystanding behavior,² its relation to perpetrating behavior, trying to overcome it in victimizing scenes by activating the bystander and thereby reducing the potential for victimization (Staub, 1996). The present analysis suggests several psychosocial constructs that can account for bystanding behavior. Several factors (such as length of exposure, fragmentation of the planning and execution of the crime) are highlighted—in order to differentiate between low, middle range and high-level bystanding behavior. Finally, ten examples of bystanding behavior during the Holocaust are presented, suggesting that only a careful analysis of the context and its interaction with the persons involved may help us work through and perhaps prevent the potential negative aspects of bystanding behavior in future criminal acts.     

POLICE DISRESPECT TOWARD THE PUBLIC: AN ENCOUNTER‐BASED ANALYSIS*

We use observations of police encounters with 3,130 suspects in Indianapolis and St. Petersburg to estimate three influences on police disrespect: how suspects behave, their personal characteristics, and the location of the encounter. Logistic regression models show that suspects' behaviors were the most powerful predictors, but the suspect's sex, age, income, and degree of neighborhood disadvantage were also significant. Minority suspects experienced disrespect less often than whites (statistically significant in the hierarchical analysis controlling for degree of neighborhood disadvantage). These effects are concentrated in St. Petersburg, where the chief had made the suppression of police abuses a visible priority. The findings offer partial confirmation of Donald Black's theory of law.     

Effects of Partner Violence and Physical Child Abuse on Child Behavior: A Study of Abused and Comparison Children

This study tests a model of the effects on child behavioral outcome of the child's exposure to partner violence and child abuse, in children who have experienced the two forms of victimization either separately or together. Recognizing that family contextual factors play an important role in influencing child outcome, an ecological model is proposed that designates family stress as the principal exogenous factor, with effects on child outcome mediated through caretaker distress, partner violence, and child abuse. The sample consists of 100 confirmed cases of physically abused New York City schoolchildren, ages 9 to 12 years, and their families, and 100 nonmaltreated classmates, matched for gender, age, and, as closely as possible, for race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, and their families. Child behavioral outcome is assessed by classmates for antisocial, prosocial, and withdrawn behavior and by parents and teachers for externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that partner violence and caretaker distress, both associated with family stress, increase the risk for child abuse and thereby raise the child's risk for poor outcome. Implications of differences among raters for the model's applicability, and implications of the results for clinical intervention, are discussed.     

生物学视野中的个体社会化

作为个体生命成长和参与社会进程的基础的物质性存在的生物及生物学因素，在社会化进程中，始终是一个积极地参与和建设，并且在一定的时期和场合发挥着关键的作用。在一定意义上，生物进化本身也是与社会的、化的因素交错关联的，在这种互动的过程中对个体的社会行为、人知和人格形成产生重要的作用。     

裁判规范还是行为规范——对滥用职权罪的功能性考察

刑法规范具有行为规范和裁判规范的功能。滥用职权罪应以行为规范功能为先,以“重大损失”作为构成要件限制了其行为规范功能;司法上的扩张解释虽然有助于实现该功能,却又危及罪刑法定原则。滥用职权罪之行为规范立足于规范的实质根据和价值取向,构造为义务规范,旨在保障职权的安全行使。立法和司法工作应当遵循行为规范功能,强化义务意识,预防优先。     

浅论公益性社会中介组织的行为约束

公益性社会中介组织的公共责任机制在目前的中国存在严重的制度缺失。考虑到制度缺失的完善是需要一个过程的,因此,内部的“自律”就自然地成了构建公益性社会中介组织责任机制的核心。