重构我国用益物权体系的几点思考

我国现行的用益物权制度存在问题较多,严重影响了其实践作用的发挥。在重构我国用益物权体系时,不仅应对实践中争议较大的问题作出合理的解释,也要对缺漏之处及新情况、新问题做出积极的反映,最终形成以地上权、农用权、地益权、用益权为基础的民事基本法中的用益物权与特别法相辅相成的现代用益物权体系。     

The Impact of the 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban on Gun Markets: An Assessment of Short-Term Primary and Secondary Market Effects

The reactions of the gun market, including those of producers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers, play an important role in shaping the potential impact of gun control policies on gun crime. As a case in point, this paper examines the federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which bans a group of military-style semiautomatic firearms (i.e., assault weapons). Using a variety of national and local data sources, we assess the short-term (1994–1996) impact of the assault weapons ban on gun markets, examining trends in prices and production of the banned weapons in legal markets and assessing the availability of the banned weapons in illicit markets as measured by criminal use. Prices of assault weapons rose substantially around the time of the ban's enactment, reducing the availability of assault weapons to criminal users in the very short run. However, a surge in assault weapon production just before the ban caused prices to fall in the months following the ban. Implications of the findings for assessing this and other gun control policies are discussed.     

《呈请报告书》的使用与制作要点

<公安机关刑事法律文书格式(2002)版>重新规定了内部审批文书一律使用<呈请报告书>格式.由于内部审批文书种类繁多,各文书因呈请审批的内容不同而制作方法也不同,不可能用<呈请报告书>格式强求一致,但可以分为针对犯罪嫌疑人的和针对办案采取侦查措施的两类.     

初探所有权型分时度假的基本法律问题--兼论对传统不动产所有权理论的发展

源自于法国的“分时度假“作为一种新型旅游消费方式近年来在我国出现,并逐渐区分出两种类型:购买所有权类型和购买使用权类型.所有权型分时度假作为一种特殊的所有权形式,其性质应为时限所有权或期限所有权;所有权型分时度假的法律特征表现为削弱的绝对性、有限的排他性、期限性、一体性、时段登记的技术性和权利主体身份多重性;所有权型分时度假的出现是对传统所有权理论的发展和完善.     

证据之异化及回归——以证据与证据运用区分为中心

证据作为证明的根据丧失了其客观性基础，异化的证据以主观性的形态出现。造成这种异化的原因是证据与证据运用概念的混淆。通过证据与证据运用的区分对证据重释，使证据回归其本来面目，主观性不再是证据的属性。证据的回归可以合理解释司法证明过程中的一些难题。     

Fair use of works of art in children's games

The aim of this article is to examine the legal possibilities available to creators of children's games, enhancing art education. It focuses on the type of games that enrich the learning experience by means of works of visual, verbal or musical art. I do not deal with the technology of the digital age, but examine the educational art game as a ‘derived game’, containing the original work of art (as a component of the game), and discuss in depth the issue of the use of works of art, integrated in children's games. The situation in this sphere is murky. In the toy shops there are no games providing enrichment in the understanding of art, and shops in art galleries have only a few games with reproductions of pictures in those galleries. The subject is particularly important in view of the fact that children are not exposed to works of art contributing to their cognitive development and critical perspective, and when they do see works of art, they are usually behind some barrier and not easily accessible. The complex situation created by strict copyright laws deters the planners and producers of games and makes such games expensive. As a result, we as a society, fail to exploit a powerful experiential means to enrich the cultural world of the younger generation. This article examines the possibilities of establishing a right of fair use of reproductions of works of art in children's games.     

Self-Defense and the Use of Force: Breaking the Rules, Making the Rules, or Both?

This article examines shifts in international law regarding the use of force—the jus ad bellum —that emerged in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and subsequently were invoked in part by the United States and United Kingdom to justify military intervention in Iraq. These shifts import some elasticity—in time, space, and place—into the preexisting legal understanding of self-defense. To be sure, the general consensus that supported the use of force in Afghanistan as a legitimate exercise of self-defense has diluted as the use of that force expanded into other theaters of operation. It is therefore unsurprising that considerable controversy envelops claims by some states that international law entitles them to use force in self-defense in a preemptory manner. This article explores the articulation of this and other justifications for the military intervention in Iraq. It also unpacks the difficult question whether these entitlements are constitutive of inchoate legal rules or simply deviations from the still operational old rules. Moreover, this article encourages scholars and students of international law and relations to consider why a movement is afoot to change the rules and how this affects the architecture of collective security. To facilitate this process of reflection, this article explores the policy implications of retaining the old rules or adopting the newly alleged rules.     

EXPLAINING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN SERIOUS ADOLESCENT VIOLENT BEHAVIOR*

This study explains racial/ethnic differences in serious adolescent violent behavior using a contextual model derived from prior urban, developmental, and criminological theory. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, we compare involvement in serious violence among Asians, blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and whites. Results indicate that statistical differences between whites and minority groups are explained by variation in community disadvantage (for blacks), involvement in gangs (for Hispanics), social bonds (for Native Americans), and situational variables (for Asians). The lesser involvement in violence among Asians compared to blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans is accounted for by similar factors. Differences in violent behavior among the latter three minority groups are not significant. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

互联网挑战传统著作权制度--兼论著作权合理使用制度在网络空间中的新形式

互联网的无地域性和信息共享性挑战传统著作权制度中著作权的地域性和专有性。为了解决它们之间的冲突,设立世界著作权集体管理组织是一种重要考虑。在网络空间,著作权合理使用也存在新的形式,"技术措施合理限制制度"是其中一个十分重要的制度。     

析我国著作权中的“合理使用”

"合理使用"是对著作权人个体利益的一种限制;"合理使用"的对象,是作品而不是作者的权利;"合理使用"是著作权法中为平衡著作权人的个体利益与社会信息传播公共利益而创设的一种制度。