新时代党建引领乡村治理创新的路径研究

在新的时代条件下,将制度优势更好地转化为治理效能,既是一个重大的理论问题,也是一个重大的现实问题。党建引领乡村治理是实现制度优势向治理效能转化相关领域的一个重要体现。改革开放40年的发展,乡村治理面临社会阶层分化、治理主体缺位、党组织建设不完善等困境,进一步提升乡村治理效能迫在眉睫。理论分析基层党建与乡村治理的逻辑机理,发现:党的领导是乡村治理的领导核心、党的建设是乡村振兴进程中的坚强堡垒、创新基层治理是巩固党的执政根基的客观要求。新时代提升乡村治理效能必须坚持以党建为引领、以基层为主体、以人民为中心、以问题为导向、以创新为手段、以制度为保障,构建乡村治理新格局。     

Worldview and Methodology of Advancing the Construction of the Rule of Law in China

This work discusses a worldview and a methodology concerning ideological approaches by which Marxists can understand and transform the world, based on well-defined value truth, theory and philosophy. The work builds on the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which highlights the following priorities to which XI Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era must adhere: putting the people first, maintaining self-confidence and self-reliance, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, adopting a problem-oriented approach, applying system thinking, and maintaining a global vision. Furthermore, this work argues that these priorities should be applied to promote the rule of law in China’s new journey. As the starting points of analysis and understanding, the meta-theory and “six must-dos” follow the general principles of Marxism in interpreting and promoting socialist concepts, theory, law-based path and legal system in the New Era with Chinese characteristics. The metatheory and the “six must-dos” provide the logical foundations and fundamental compliance with XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law. Only by applying these “six must-dos” well can we understand and implement XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, enhance the rationality, initiative, foresight and creativity of our work in comprehensively promoting the rule of law in China.     

资源枯竭型城市环境治理之政府责任研究

资源枯竭型城市的环境问题是制约其可持续发展的重要因素之一。目前,我国资源枯竭型城市的环境治理陷入困境,主要原因之一是环境治理的责任人无法明晰。现代政府应担负起弥补市场缺陷与维护社会公平两方面的责任。在资源枯竭型城市的发展过程中,政府并没有解决好资源枯竭型城市的外部性问题,同时,因战略布局等因素,很多政府决策进一步拉大了资源枯竭型城市与受惠地区之间的差距,所以,政府应承担资源枯竭型城市环境治理之主要责任。同时,由于中央政府与地方政府的行政能力、财政能力相异,其在具体承担资源枯竭型城市环境责任时也应有所差异。     

犯罪与风险——风险社会视野下的犯罪治理

风险社会中，犯罪不应再被认为是社会病态现象，而应被视为日常风险产物。因此需要以犯罪接受并改变风险作为引导运行的视角来重新看待犯罪。犯罪运行需要犯罪风险源作为能量为其提供动力。犯罪风险源包括人造风险、发展性风险、人性风险以及激发性风险。犯罪运行的过程也必然要和风险发生各种关系。风险的感知、分配、放大与沟通都会使犯罪呈现不同形态。在风险社会中对犯罪进行治理需要从犯罪运行、犯罪风险源以及犯罪与风险的关系三个方面入手。     

社区治理研究方法百年:议题变化下的理论主轴与实证增进

自"芝加哥学派"开启现代社区研究以来,社区治理研究已走过百年历程。方法服务于主题,研究方法对理论研究与创新起着重要支撑作用。对百年来社区治理研究的历史梳理和比较分析发现:其一,国外研究经历了从社区类型、社区结构、社区发展到社区意识等的主题转变,理论分析长期占据方法主流,20世纪80年代后实证研究逐渐占据主导地位,并且日益"微观化";其二,国内研究经历了早期乡村社区和现代社区服务、社区建设、社区治理的主题转换,研究方法以理论分析为主,实证研究得到快速发展;其三,受议题、学科和主观认知三重因素影响,中外社区治理研究方法各有不同,凸显出"方法论关怀"和"偏重本体论"的认知差异,中国的理论分析比例较高。未来的社区治理研究既要关注微观过程又要连接宏观结构,坚持"结构-过程"范式,做好跨域区域案例比较研究,以国家与居民的"双重需求"为端口做好"量质融合"的实证研究。     

Crimea and the quest for energy and military hegemony in the Black Sea region: governance gap in a contested geostrategic zone

Russia’s annexation of Crimea and its destabilization of Eastern Ukraine have radically altered the European security order, with the Black Sea region becoming an acutely contested geostrategic zone. Russia’s strategic interests in the Black Sea region, especially in terms of energy and military presence, collide with those of Ukraine, Turkey, the European Union and the United States, among others, and expose the governance gap left by the existing conventions and institutions in dealing with the region. It is argued that Russia’s move to annex Crimea was a strategic decision made irrespective of the destructive effect on the post-Cold War order. Furthermore, until a new normal has been accepted by the main players, there is no hope of revising the existing conventions and institutions pertaining to the basin.     

Public Financial Management Systems and Countries' Governance: A Cross‐Country Study

The objective of this study is to explore whether a relationship exists between public financial management (PFM) systems and expert perceptions of countries' governance in an international cross‐country study. We examine the extent to which variations in accounting, budgeting and auditing practices are associated with governance in a sample of 97 countries that represent different levels of development, analysing the differences between countries classified into factor, efficiency and innovation‐driven economies. Our concept of governance perception includes three dimensions: accountability, government effectiveness and corruption. We find that countries with a higher level of economic development show, on average, more sophisticated PFM systems characterized by the presentation of accrual‐based financial statements, the application of value for money audits and higher budget transparency. When analysing the sub‐samples of countries according to the level of economic development, we find that countries with similar governance perception scores show different patterns of PFM practices, suggesting that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clustering of Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Potentials and Limitations

The concept of clustering of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), i.e. the integration of groups of MEAs or parts thereof, has acquired prominence in recent discussions about reforming international environmental governance. Understood as a continuing process, clustering of MEAs aims at advancing the ongoing process of integrating the elements of this system more systematically and dynamically. This paper proceeds in three steps. First, it demonstrates that a distinction needs to be made between clustering of organisational elements of MEAs and their functions, since the conditions and the effects of their integration differ significantly. Second, it argues that – in contrast to several existing approaches that seek to build clusters starting from similarities in one dimension – any attempt to integrate elements of MEAs needs to be based upon the analysis of a range of factors that influence the prospects of such integration (including overlap of membership and issues, practical feasibility, legal obstacles, and functional requirements). Third, the article contrasts the main potential benefits of a clustering of MEAs, namely efficiency gains and an increase in the coherence of international environmental governance, with the main challenges of international environmental policy, namely reaching agreement, implementing such agreement effectively and preventing/managing inter-institutional conflict. While clustering cannot be expected to make a significant direct contribution to addressing these challenges, it has a potential to economise and enhance the system of international environmental governance with positive indirect effects promoting better international environmental protection in the longer term.     

论银行在公司治理中的作用--兼论在中国建立银行主导型公司治理结构的可行性

在公司治理上,我国是采取英美市场主导型,还是借鉴德日的银行主导型,应取决于我国公司制的国情特色.本文分析了德日银行主导型治理模式产生的原因,指出银行可以在公司治理中发挥积极作用.在现有的股权结构下,建立银行主导型的公司治理结构将是我国努力的方向.