Equity and the allocation of health care resources: Proposition or oxymoron?

The rate of changes in the allocation of health care resources has escalated in the past decade in an attempt to provide for cost containment and a more equitable distribution while retaining quality of care. In this issue, economists, physicians, psychologists, and sociologists examine the current health care environment for evidence relevant to the effect of these changes and provide a guideline for future direction.     

论英国海事仲裁中的简易程序——兼论完善我国海事仲裁简易程序

英国海事仲裁契合海事争议的特点为中小额争议当事人提供了两套更为快捷、经济、灵活、高效的简易仲裁程序——小额索赔程序和快速与低费程序。为进一步丰富和完善我国海事仲裁中的简易程序 ,英国海事仲裁中的成功经验无疑值得吸收和借鉴。     

Revolving Roles in Drug-Related Crime: The Cost of Chronic Drug Users as Victims and Perpetrators

Numerous studies have established a strong connection between the use of illicit drugs and the commission of other illegal activities, including both predatory and property crimes. No study, however, has examined the cost of crimes associated with drug users both as victims and as perpetrators. In the present study, recent data were analyzed from a targeted sample of chronic drug users (CDUs) and a matched sample of non-drug users (NDUs) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, to estimate the incremental cost of crime associated with CDU. Two separate models were employed to estimate (1) the probability of being a victim or a perpetrator of crime and (2) the cost of crime for both situations. The cost measures were transformed to reduce the influence of extreme outliers, and a smearing technique was used to compare the cost of crime for CDUs relative to NDUs. The findings illustrate that criminal activity among CDUs is circular, extensive, and costly. Implications for law enforcement, criminal justice policy, and substance abuse treatment are discussed.     

高校教师自愿离职成本分析及其控制

高校教师只要产生离职倾向并付诸行动就会对高校教育产品的质量产生负面影响。高校教师离职前的低效成本、离职后的空岗成本、离职教师培训开发成本等,都在某种程度上对高校形成一种成本压力。高校管理者必须建立人才危机意识,加强教师离职成本的预先风险控制、同期风险控制和离职后的风险控制。     

论死刑之存在

最高人民法院收回死刑核准权,死刑案件二审开庭审理,这些严格控制死刑的举措都是在死刑领域贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策中“宽”的要求,“宽”与现在倡导的“和谐社会”的理念是吻合的。死刑在我国相当长的一段时期内存在,这是宽严相济的刑事政策中“严”的要求,我国的国情要求死刑的存在,死刑的成本并不高昂,自由刑的成本超过死刑。     

立法成本的经济学分析

立法作为调控社会生活的一种手段,不仅仅是种政治行为也是一种经济行为。同生产其它社会生产资料一样。一部新的法律的产生也需要投入成本。运用法经济学的分析方法对立法成本进行深入分析进而为立法工作提供一个崭新的视角,有利于确立立法效益观。优化立法资源配置。     

我国高等教育成本与收费的经济学分析

高等教育改革是当今世界教育改革的热点和重点领域。目前我国高等教育的经费来源实现了多渠道,但主要由政府和个人承担。优化我国高等教育成本分担有以下四个途径：加大政府财政对高等教育的支持力度;扩大高等教育的融资渠道,鼓励企业、个人等社会力量支持高等教育;大力发展民办教育;进一步完善和扩大高校助学贷款的规模和范围。     

Housing Affordability and Health: Evidence From New York City

It is generally understood that households make tradeoffs between housing costs and other living expenses. In this article, we examine the relationship between health-related outcomes and housing-induced financial burdens for renters in one of the most expensive cities in the world, New York, New York. Drawing from the Housing Vacancy Survey for 2011, a representative survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau of more than 16,000 households in New York City, we estimate the effect of housing cost burden on the overall health of renters and the extent to which they have postponed various types of medical services for financial reasons. Results show that higher out-of-pocket rent burdens are associated with worse self-reported health conditions and a higher likelihood to postpone medical services for financial reasons. This relationship is particularly strong for those households with severe rent burdens. In addition, housing cost burden is equally or more important than other physical housing characteristics in explaining the variation in self-reported general health status and health care postponement. These findings are robust across specifications with different degrees of household, unit/building, and neighborhood controls, and among longstanding and newer renters. Our findings point to the importance of considering health-related outcomes when designing housing policies, and that housing subsidies should target both renters' out-of-pocket costs and place-based repair and maintenance.     

数量折扣下经济订货批量的探讨

本文通过对存货全年总成本的分析,阐述了数量折扣下区间内经济订货批量的确定方法,并研究和探讨了确定企业数量折扣下的经济订货批量的一般规律,从而为企业管理者提供存货决策的依据。     

法律移植的理论与实践

近代以来,许多亚洲国家伴随着宗主国或占领国的殖民统治而进行了大量的法律移植;中国从晚清到民国政府,也对西方法律进行了大量的主动移植,使传统法律实现了现代意义的转变。历史表明,规则的稀缺和社会政治经济发展对规则的强烈要求,使得中国的法制建设必然首先是改变“无法可依”的状态。在需要通过立法创造某些制度以实现政策目标时,法律移植是最有效的手段,成为创造法律秩序和促进社会进步的方式。然而,移植规则的深层含义在于移植文化,也即规则和制度的移植必须要有文化的支持,否则,法律移植很可能仅仅是立法者的游戏。