未成年学生犯罪成因分析及对策研究

未成年学生犯罪是一个复杂的社会问题,导致产生的原因是多方面的,涉及社会、学校、家庭和个人等四个方面。本文结合2006年2月1日正式实施的《安徽省预防未成年人犯罪条例》精神,提出了预防未成年学生犯罪的对策建议。保障未成年学生的合法权益,优化未成年学生的成长环境,预防未成年学生犯罪,是全社会的共同责任。     

交通行为控制与引导策略

对交通行为进行有效引导与控制是解决当前交通事故高发,交通拥堵日益恶化的有效方法。通过交通出行信息系统来引导出行者选择有效出行方式。通过交通道德建设和教育以加强出行者对自身交通行为控制的自觉性。加强交通安全知识的研究和教育,提高对险情的应对能力。严格执法和加强交通设施建设,对危险交通行为者进行物理强制和心理震慑。通过内外双重机制的约定与引导,确保交通行为处于安全有序的状态。     

From Interactional Justice to Citizenship Behaviors: Role Enlargement or Role Discretion?

An organizational field study examined the mechanisms through which supervisors’ interactional justice influences employees’ individual-directed organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Although, previous research supports the relationship between interactional fairness and OCBs, the mechanisms of operation remain unclear. Separate frameworks, based on role enlargement and role discretion exist, with no prior attempts to compare them. In this study, I examine two competitive models, (a) a role enlargement model, using employees’ role definitions as a mediator and (b) a role discretion model, using employees’ role definitions as a moderator. The results, based on data collected from 141 employee-manager dyads in a work organization, confirm that role definitions moderate the relationships between interactional justice and OCBs. The findings are discussed to derive theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research.     

Racial composition,sentencing reforms,and rates of incarceration, 1970–1980

Association with delinquent peer groups is one of the most salient predictors of delinquent behavior. Despite the widespread documentation of these effects, little is known about whether the delinquent peer effect is conditioned by individual‐level characteristics. Using data from a multi‐wave survey of Mexican‐American adolescents, this study explored the interactive effect of susceptibility to peer influence and differential association with delinquent peers on delinquent outcomes. Results suggested that the delinquent peer effect on self‐reported delinquency is amplified when an adolescent is highly susceptible to peer influence. Analyses also indicated that this moderating effect varies according to offense seriousness. Specifically, the conditioning effect is most important when considering acts of serious delinquency.     

Examining the Overlap and Prediction of Multiple Forms of Child Maltreatment,Stressors, and Socioeconomic Status: A Longitudinal Analysis of Youth Outcomes

Analyses were conducted to examine the extent of overlap and predictive strength of multiple forms of child maltreatment and stressors internal and external to the family. Findings suggest a strong association between child maltreatment (physical and sexual abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence) and stressors (family conflict, personal problems of parents, and external constraints on the family). After controlling for stressors, family socioeconomic status, and child gender, a general construct of child maltreatment was predictive of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescents. Specific effects of child physical and sexual abuse were revealed in these longitudinal structural equation model tests.

The Relationship of Abuse to Women’s Health Status and Health Habits

The present study examined the relationship between exposure to abuse and women’s health status and health behaviors in a sample of rural women. One hundred forty-eight women visiting a community health care center completed survey packets that included measures that assessed: exposure to abuse, impairment associated with exposure to abuse, physical and mental health problems, health behaviors, and the extent of health care usage. Results indicated that exposure to abuse was positively and significantly related to the adoption of a negative psychological perspective, which in turn was negatively correlated with physical and mental health, as well as with the practice of healthy behaviors. Results also showed that women exposed to abuse engage in less healthy behaviors and utilize more health care resources than do women with no such exposure. Implications for improving the assessment and treatment of abuse in health care settings are discussed. This article is based on a thesis completed by the first author with the same title as this report.     

宽严相济政策在未成年人犯罪案件中的适用——以刑事诉讼程序中的检察环节为视角

检察机关要正确领会和切实贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策,以"宽"与"严"相济为导向来处理未成年人犯罪。在具体执法手段上,要区分未成年人犯罪的不同动机和不同情节,采用多元的"宽"的执法方法;对未成年人犯罪性质恶劣、情节严重的要及时给以打击,该捕要捕、该诉要诉,当严则严;还可以考虑借鉴"恢复性司法"司法措施,以兼顾未成年犯罪人的权利保护和受害人损失的恢复与补偿。"宽"与"严"都要以实现社会公平、正义、和谐为其终极目的。     

转轨时期地方政府行为引起的负外在性问题的研究

转轨时期 ,我国地方政府行为引起的负外在性问题比较突出 ,着重表现在市场分割、过度竞争、产业结构趋同等方面。财税分权制度安排和投融资体制改革、地方市场需求的引致、地方政府角色的变化、相关法制建设滞后是该问题产生和发展的主要成因。鉴于其严重的危害性 ,我们应从深化财税体制改革、完善分税制、理顺政企关系、健全相关法制等方面来加以综合治理。     

证券市场操纵问题初探

我国立法始终重视证券市场投资者保护问题,法律明确规定“禁止操纵证券市场行为。”操纵证券市场行为给证券市场的秩序造成极大的危害,其直接侵害了投资者的合法权利。文章对操纵证券市场行为进行探析,并提出完善我国规制证券市场操纵行为的法律制度构想。