以科学发展观为指导保障孤残儿童的基本权益

孤儿是社会上最弱小、最困难的群体,生活在社会的最低层。他们生存权益得不到保障,更别谈其他的权益。应以科学发展观为指导,切实的保障孤残儿童的社会生活权益,以促进社会的和谐发展。     

儿童同伴关系的性别特点及教育启示——基于150名5岁儿童样本调查分析

同伴关系是儿童在学前期需要发展的一种重要的人际关系。它有助于儿童社会技能与社交应对策略的发展,而且具有明显的性别特点。采用同伴提名法对幼儿园大班150名5岁儿童进行调查,结果表明：5岁儿童的社会偏好性和社会影响力存在明显的性别差异;5岁儿童存在明显的同性别交往倾向;5岁儿童各同伴关系的类型数量在性别上存在着一定差异。家长和老师要根据儿童同伴交往的性别特点,对不同类型的儿童给予不同的关注和帮助,促成家校合作,以更好地帮助学前儿童同伴关系的发展。     

从“虐童事件”看儿童权益的法律保护

近段时间,＂虐童事件＂成为街头巷尾的热点话题,网上各种言论也是铺天盖地,针对这一热点话题从事实和法律两个角度探寻事件发生的原因,重新审视我国现有法律体系对儿童权益保护的缺失,并试图从现有法律体系框架下尝试性地探索加强儿童权益保护的补救措施。     

Research on the Difficult Questions Concerning the Judicial Determination of the Joint Crimes of Abduction of and Trafficking in Women or Children

Joint crimes of abduction of and trafficking in women or children are quite common and frequent in judicial practice. Fetching or sending, as well as transferring, of a woman or a child is, in essence, a kind of accessory behavior. Therefore, a person who commits such behaviors shall be punished as an accomplice, except, provided that there are certain judicial interpretations, being punished as a principal criminal in accordance with the law. A person who, for the purpose of buying the victim, instigates or helps others to abduct and traffic in a woman or a child shall be punished with the severer crime in accordance with the principles of implicated offences; a person who, in the process of committing the joint crime of abduction of and trafficking in a woman or a child, transforms his/her intention and buys the abducted woman or child shall be punished in accordance with the principles of inclusive offences. A person, who conducts the role of a broker in the process of buying and selling a woman or a child, shall be punished as an accessory in accordance with the principles of joint crimes. In addition, a person, who is a practioner in a particular industry, jointly, together with the buyer or seller, commits the crime of abduction of and trafficking in women or children shall be punished with a certain crime or combinedly punished with for several crimes in accordance with the specific circumstances.     

论儿童观的范式转型——社会建构主义视野中的儿童观

后现代主义认识论颠覆了传统的知识观:知识不是被展现出的而是被建构出的.后现代主义的杰出代表社会建构主义着重强调了知识建构的社会性.儿童观是认知主体以儿童为对象建构出的一种社会知识,随"儿童形象"的诞生而形成,并影响着"儿童形象"的塑造.儿童观的社会建构属性使得儿童观随着社会的发展变迁、认识论的演变而不断更替,直至引发一场范式的转型,然后在新范式的指导下进行新一轮的建构.儿童观建构取向从聚焦于尺有所短的劣势视角转变到聚焦于寸有所长的优势视角标志着儿童观范式的转型,这一转型颠覆了儿童的传统形象,开启了一种全新的儿童成长空间.     

论平等视野下的流动儿童初等教育权保护

目前虽然各级政府采取了相关措施保障流动儿童的初等教育权,但是由于受现行教育体制和教育财政制度等因素的制约,流动儿童与城市当地儿童的初等教育权在入学机会和教育过程上仍然享受不平等的待遇,这显然与作为宪法权利的受教育权相悖。因此政府应当通过逐步建立以居住地为主入学的教育体制、完善教育财政体制等措施来实现流动儿童初等教育权的平等保护。     

The extension method to calculate the error of industrial structure

The industrial structure shows the service efficiency of economic resources and the rationality of its development. It has been one of the important works for governments to calculate the error of industrial structure and adjust it. The dependent function is the core of extension set, which shows the extent of objective property, and explains the easiness to be variated quantitatively or qualitatively. By using the dependent degree, the error of industrial structure shows not only the magnitude but also the easiness to correct it, then the decision-makers can discriminate the difficulty of industrial adjustment and select the emphasis, and the orientation of adjustment may be clearer and the operation may be more maneuverable. The paper analyzes the orientation to adjust the industrial structure and proposes some simple suggestions by using the calculation results.     

流动儿童在城市中入学的困境与对策——以候鸟式儿童为例

作为流动儿童群体的一部分,候鸟式儿童因为其特殊的经历,对流动儿童在城市中入学有更多和更深的体会,他们在城市入学的要求和期盼更能体现流动儿童群体的愿望,这也正是社会要解决的问题.以底层视角对他们在城市中入学问题进行研究,可以克服以往研究者上层视角和学界视角的缺陷,从而使流动儿童义务教育政策充分吸纳流动儿童的要求.     

Psychological Distress of Children and Mothers in Domestic Violence Emergency Shelters

Abused mothers and their school-aged children who recently entered domestic violence emergency shelters were assessed by individual interview and psychometric measures. Children had positiveviews of the shelter residence. Mothers and children reported high-quality relationships with eachother. Children came from highly violent homes, and the majority had attempted to intervene in theinteradult violence. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted on child PTSD symptoms, child behavior problems, and maternal depression, anxiety, and anger. Child PTSD symptoms were associated with amount of physical violence. Child behavioral problems were related to mother anxiety andanger. The predictors of maternal emotional distress varied. Depression was associated with sexualabuse, child physical intervention, and quality of mother–child relationship; anxiety was related to witnessing child abuse, child age, and child internalizing behaviors; anger was associated with abuse-related injuries, violence frequency, and child internalizing behaviors. Augmentationof shelter-based interventions for children's trauma, maternal emotional distress, and parenting are discussed.