英美刑法共谋罪之不法协议要件述评

不法协议是共谋罪的行为要件，处罚共谋罪本质上是处罚不法协议。不法协议是共谋者从事共同计划的意志的持续和有意识联合。不法协议可以通过间接证据推导成立。单纯地默认他人的犯罪目标、单纯出现在犯罪现场、单纯地与共谋者有联系、单纯参与共谋的目标犯罪以及赞同他人的提议等不构成不法协议。普通法以群体危险理论支持对不法协议的处罚，不法协议是物质层面上的构成要件。处罚不法协议背后的理论依据可归纳为犯罪征表说，具有主观主义刑法的烙印。处罚共谋罪不等于单纯处罚犯罪意图或处罚“思想犯”。     

The Bundling of Similar Interests in Litigation. The Incentives for Class Action and Legal Actions taken by Associations

The European directive 98/27/EC of 15 of May 1998 widens the scope of action for consumer interests. The new directive follows the green book on the rights of the consumer of 11 June 1993. The necessity to transform this directive into national law has led to discussions on whether it is advisable to generally expand the scope of liability for widespread damages. Should the possibilities to collect damages for consumer associations and to establish new forms of bundling similar interests in cases of civil liability be widened? This article deals with economic consequences of such forms of bundling with a focus on the class action and actions by associations. The American discussion on the merits of class action is not very encouraging and does not lead to proposing far reaching legal innovations for European countries in this field. It seems however that some of the adverse effects of class action can be avoided by slightly different forms of bundling.     

赫斯：马克思接受社会主义思想的中介人

在1843年9月之前，马克思就已经了解了当时流行的社会主义思潮。但是从马克思与《奥格斯堡总汇报》的论战与他当时发表的文章来看，这些社会主义思想对马克思并没有产生太大的影响。而到了1844年之后，社会主义思想则成为马克思论述问题的一个根本维度。造成这种情况的原因何在?在过去的研究中，这个问题并没有提出来，实际上也就造成了马克思思想研究中的一个很大的空白。本文认为，造成这种情况的主要原因是英法社会主义思想同马克思开始转向费尔巴哈哲学后的思想具有话语上的异质性，只是在赫斯将英法社会主义思想转换为德国哲学的本土思想后，才为马克思从人本学出发接受社会主义思想创造了前提性条件。可以说，赫斯是马克思从德国哲学出发接受英法社会主义思想的中介人。     

The Unity of Knowing and Doing: The Course of Social Work Action Research

By reviewing the history of social work, it shows a clear picture that both clinical social work and community work are "made out of" doing. This article, based on this essential attribute of social work, proposes that the cycle of action research as the course of combining theory and practice of social work by three reasons. First of all, the ethos of community practice is not only the starting point of social work practice and the action research, but also the drive for continue doing professional practice and action research. Secondly, sociological imagination is the ability produced in practice through rationality, including activities to change the reality. Thirdly, the unity knowledge of knowing and doing is not a single cycle from sense to sensibility, but an endless cycle of both. After more than 10 years of practicing in rural development and anti-poverty social work practices, the author argues that the concept of sociological imagination proposed by C. Wright Mills is not only a critical perspective about how personal life in relation to the society we live in, but also a possible solution for our daily life.     

从权利救济宪法保障论公益诉讼制度

在各国宪法上,都会规定权利救济基本权的保障,其作用是在于给予人民排除不法侵害权益,并维护享有完整实体权利的机会,借以实现有权利即有救济的宪法保障原则。就行政诉讼而言,原则上虽须主张其诉讼和其个人权利有关,人民或团体才可享有诉权,但是,立法者另外得以法律明文规定,准许人民或团体为维护公益,对无关自己权益的事项提起行政诉讼,此时人民或团体也可享有诉权。在此,我们看到宪法上保障的权利救济基本权,除了作为主观权利的功能建构外,仍然存在作为客观法的建构可能性。也就是说,公益诉讼是立法者为了落实权利救济基本权的宪法保障,所设计的一种客观的制度性保障,而可以作为权利救济基本权在客观法上的功能建构。因此,本论文即从自我实现作为基本权的本质出发,尝试探讨基本权作为主观权利与客观法的法特征及其功能,建构公益诉讼作为权利救济的制度性保障,并借助德国行政诉讼上的团体诉讼制度,以分析公益诉讼在制度设计上的根本困境。     

印楝油两性不育灭鼠颗粒制剂对高原鼠兔抗生育作用的研究

为筛选印楝油两性不育灭鼠颗粒制剂的最优主药量,并探究其对高原鼠兔的抗生育作用,将主药浓度为300g/kg和400g/kg的印楝油两性不育灭鼠颗粒制剂分别进行摄食系数的研究,筛选出适口性较好的制剂,进一步研究适口性较好的制剂对高原鼠兔怀孕率和生殖器官的影响,并用免疫组织化学法检测输卵管和子宫的细胞凋亡情况。结果显示,主药浓度为300g/kg、400g/kg的颗粒制剂对高原鼠兔的摄食系数分别为0.97和1.87,二者之间差异显著(P<0.05);主药浓度为400g/kg的印楝油颗粒制剂对高原鼠兔的抗生育率为70%,对睾丸、附睾、子宫、输卵管和卵巢均有明显的病变影响,并且促进子宫细胞凋亡。结果表明,主药浓度为400g/kg的印楝油两性不育灭鼠颗粒制剂适口性良好,对高原鼠兔有良好的抗生育作用,有望用于草原鼠害的防制。     

警务时空论

警务时空是社会时空的组成部分,是警察战斗力生成和发挥的重要条件。现代警务指挥必须准确把握警务空间出现的新变化,善于精心运筹、科学管理和有效利用警务时间,特别要正确处理好警务空间、时间与速度的关系。高新技术警务力量的出现和社区警务战略的推行,使得治安防控中的警力系统、警力布势、警力机动、警力流速发生了根本变化,直接引起了警力在时空中的运动特性也跟着发生变化,呈现出一系列新特点：警务布势非线性化,警力要素系统化,警务行动高速化。     

COMBATING HEALTHCARE COST INFLATION WITH CONCERTED ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS IN A CHINESE PROVINCE

This article defies the traditional notion that cost inflation in healthcare could hardly be curbed without the significant revision of economic incentive scheme, but demonstrates the possibility of containing cost inflation with concerted administrative actions in the Chinese context. It examines the case of Fujian Province that embarked on a health bureaucracy‐led policy reform without an alteration of economic levers but mainly using administrative tools to combat cost escalation. Through clearly defined, well designed, targeted and concerted administrative measures, effective cost containment is attainable in China's healthcare sector, at least in the short run. If combined well with the powerful economic instruments, administrative tools would be able to augment their effects in cost containment, provided with the government's possession of hospital ownership. At the heart of Fujian's case are the reassertion of the government stewardship, the reconstruction of the collapsed accountability mechanisms, the reconfiguration of policy instruments, and the revision of administrative incentives, rather than the decreased costs per se. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

权利救济之殇：行政诉讼期限起算基点的功能缺失——给付行政模式下的一种新视野

给付行为是一种赋予相对人某种利益或行为自由的授益行为。这种表征上天然的伪装,能够消解相对人的警惕,致使相对人无法在该给付行为做出之时便察觉该行为可能侵犯自己的权益。而传统的行政诉讼期限以知道行政行为之日起开始计算起诉期间,这样就阻碍了相对人权利救济的进路。通过行政诉讼起诉期限这一几乎被忽视的视角,对司法审查的价值进行梳理,分析行政诉讼起诉期限的功能缺失,对警醒国家机关进行有效的立法回应与司法对接,具有重要的现实意义。     

浅析迟延履行利息的计算

因民事诉讼法及其司法解释对迟延履行利息计算的规定比较笼统,可操作性较差,导致在司法实务中,不同法院,甚至同一法院的不同执行人员理解不同,在具体执行法律上更是参差不齐,使迟延履行利息这一法律规定得不到正确的实行,有悖于法律在执行程序中的公平、公正原则,损害了权利人的合法权益和司法的权威.通过实例分析,厘清迟延履行利息的具...