谈我国的刑事附带民事诉讼制度

设立刑事附带民事诉讼制度旨在程序上方便当事人诉讼,使其免遭讼累,同时在实体上及时弥补刑事被害人因不法侵害所遭受的损失。但是,目前我国刑事附带民事诉讼制度在司法实践中存在着许多不容忽视的问题,应该从刑事诉讼优先、符合民事诉讼的基本原则,有利于提高诉讼效率等方面加以完善。从长远考虑,我国可以借鉴英美法系国家的模式,取消刑事附带民事诉讼制度。     

坚持爱国思想与爱国行为的统一

热爱祖国是历史形成的热爱和报效自己民族的感情和思想,是与国俱存又与时俱进的动力和行为。热爱祖国要求将朴素的爱国情感上升为深厚的爱国思想,转化为坚定的报国行动,并与危害祖国的行为作坚决斗争。     

集体行动困境的应对之道--以广州市老旧小区加装电梯工作为例

老旧小区加装电梯是一项面向特定空间、特定人群的准公共产品,居民协商是实现这一公共产品供给的集体行动,但居民的个体理性会导致实施时出现集体行动困境。广州是国内较早开展这项工作的城市,通过访谈和政策内容分析梳理广州市老旧小区加装电梯的工作历程,结合集体行动理论分析老旧小区加装电梯面临的协商规模和价值偏好的困境,并在此基础上进一步探讨居民协商集体行动困境的破解之策。广州市的经验不仅为其他城市老旧小区加装电梯提供了借鉴,也为今后通过制度设计促成居民集体行动、推进城镇老旧小区改造工作,形成社区治理的长效机制提供了有益的启示。     

A four-phase process for translating research into police practice

ABSTRACT

This article presents a framework that extends the discussion of translational criminology and the dynamic process of translating research to practice. The goal is to provide an explicit dissection of the translation process into four phases to help outline a structured way of thinking about how to incorporate research into police practice. The four-phases include: Phase I: ‘Does it Work?’ Research and Evaluation; Phase II: ‘What Works?’ Synthesis and Dissemination; Phase III: ‘How to Make it Work?’ Implementation and Evaluation; and Phase IV: ‘Make it Work!’ Institutionalization and Sustainability. The process is founded in implementation science and the ‘Knowledge to Action’ model (KTA) used in the medical and public health fields, as well as current translation activities for policing, and the authors’ experience as practitioners, researchers, and ‘translators’ over the last 25 years. It is the hope that parsing out four distinct phases for the translation of research to practice will assist researchers and police leaders to identify and fill gaps in current and future translation activities.     

我国民法上的占有保护——基于人民法院占有保护案例的实证分析

我国物权法采广义的占有保护立法模式,注重法律规范的完整性和实用性,赋予占有人从物权到债权四种不同的占有保护请求权。占有保护与本权保护兼容互补、互不排斥且无法相互替代,构成财产归属秩序从事实到权利的双重保护格局。当事人选择行使一种保护方法败诉以后,仍然可以要求他种方法的保护。占有是事实而非权利,无论是有权占有还是无权占有,甚或是权属不明或者权属有争议之占有,均可享受占有之诉的保护。占有保护的一个首要前提是对物之占有或者曾经占有受到侵害或有受侵害之虞,否则占有保护无法成立。对于侵害占有的损害赔偿请求,当事人得以本权直接抗辩,而对于占有之诉,当事人不得以本权直接抗辩。间接占有、共同占有以及占有辅助已为现行立法、有关司法解释和司法实践所接受,在民事生活中广泛存在,其占有保护应区别具体情形分别处理。     

INCORPORATING ROUTINE ACTIVITIES,ACTIVITY SPACES,AND SITUATIONAL DEFINITIONS INTO THE SOCIAL SCHEMATIC THEORY OF CRIME

Simons and Burt's (2011) social schematic theory (SST) of crime posits that adverse social factors are associated with offending because they promote a set of social schemas (i.e., a criminogenic knowledge structure) that elevates the probability of situational definitions favorable to crime. This study extends the SST model by incorporating the role of contexts for action. Furthermore, the study advances tests of the SST by incorporating a measure of criminogenic situational definitions to assess whether such definitions mediate the effects of schemas and contexts on crime. Structural equation models using 10 years of panel data from 582 African American youth provided strong support for the expanded theory. The results suggest that childhood and adolescent social adversity fosters a criminogenic knowledge structure as well as selection into criminogenic activity spaces and risky activities, all of which increase the likelihood of offending largely through situational definitions. Additionally, evidence shows that the criminogenic knowledge structure interacts with settings to amplify the likelihood of situational definitions favorable to crime.     

构建以公众安全与满意为导向的警务模式——以广西钦州市为例

以公众的安全与满意来决定警务改革的方向,是中国警务发展的必然趋势。而近年来广西钦州市公众安全感偏低是客观事实,主要是刑事案件多发而破案率不高、治安案件频发和矛盾纠纷增多而解决难度加大、基层警力不足和涉黄赌毒问题比较突出等导致。因此,构建以民意为导向的新型警务模式,必须完善公共服务机制和法律法规、创新有效的预防机制和化解社会矛盾机制、营造和谐的警民文化氛围等。     

Alternative action organizations across different welfare and third sector regimes during hard economic times

ABSTRACT

Since 2008, the international economic and financial crisis has been affecting the living and working conditions of European citizens in different ways and scope. Yet, the pattern is of rising unemployment, social deprivation and poverty, cuts in health, education and social security budgets. These negative socio-economic conditions have led to major transformations in collective responses, which, among others, take place through Alternative Action Organisations (AAOs). The specific organizations carry out non-mainstream activities that primarily target the economic and the social well-being of citizens, including their basic needs, health and lifestyles. Using quantitative data from the LIVEWHAT project and drawing on social origins theory and resource mobilization theory, the article investigates AAOs’ main characteristics across four European countries that have been differently affected from the recent recession as well as belong to different welfare state and third sector regimes, including Germany, Greece, Sweden and Poland. The findings stress the importance of considering the particular combinations of the welfare state and third sector regimes as well as the severity of the experienced economic crisis in understating the variation in AAOs’ main features under a comparative perspective.     

知识产权确认不侵权之诉受理条件实证研究

实证研究表明,司法实践中知识产权确认不侵权之诉的受理存在"受理条件规定并未被完全采纳、侵权警告形式及认定标准多样化、催告行使诉权要件适用差异化、当事人适格的影响因素复杂化"的困境。确认利益诉讼要件地位模糊、对确认利益缺乏具体化运用、法律缺位导致司法解释越位、司法解释规定较为简单粗略是造成前述困境的成因。解决前述困境,应当以确认利益理论为支撑。明确确认利益是诉讼要件而非起诉要件、以纠纷解决手段妥当性视角筛选侵权警告形式、以纠纷解决成熟性视角修正书面催告程序、以被告选择妥当性视角明确适格的当事人,最终实现对此种诉讼受理条件的重构。     

民事诉讼代表人制度中诉讼当事人制度论

我国现有的民事诉讼代表人制度中,将人数众多一方中的每个成员均视作诉讼当事人,但只将诉讼权利义务赋予代表人,被代表的当事人却无进行诉讼的权利和义务。这样的制度安排看似符合群体诉讼的特性要求,但却与民事诉讼制度原理相悖。考察相关国家的制度安排,发现我国现有代表人制度中的诉讼当事人确定既阻碍了诉讼当事人平等原则的贯彻,又不能使代表人充分进行诉讼,从而成为该制度不能被广泛适用的先天缺陷之一。因此,作为解决群体纠纷的诉讼机制,代表人制度中诉讼当事人的选择,既要满足群体诉讼的特殊要求,又应契合民事诉讼当事人制度原理的运行机制。