均匀设计法优选肝豆汤的效应中药配伍

目的 基于均匀设计法筛选中药复方肝豆汤保护TX小鼠神经细胞的效应中药。方法 基于“6因子11水平表”均匀设计法,以神经细胞内Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平及血清和脑组织中铜含量为指标,以TX小鼠为Wilson病动物模型,采用多元逐步回归分析法优选肝豆汤中6种药物（大黄、姜黄、黄连、泽泻、金钱草、三七）的效应中药配伍。采用Western blot法以及等离子质谱法分别测定细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax和血清、脑组织铜含量。结果 与对照组比较,TX小鼠脑组织中Bcl-2表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）,Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,脑组织铜含量显著升高（P<0.05）,血清铜含量显著降低（P<0.05）。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,姜黄和大黄分别进入血清铜含量及脑组织铜含量的回归方程,黄连和泽泻均进入脑组织Bcl-2和Bax表达水平的回归方程,姜黄和金钱草分别进入神经细胞Bcl-2/Bax的回归方程,三七均未进入上述指标的回归方程。结论 肝豆汤中大黄、姜黄、黄连、泽泻、金钱草配伍组合,可通过多靶点保护TX小鼠神经细胞;三七在保护TX小鼠神经细胞过程中未发挥明显效应。     

益肤乳膏剂制备工艺研究

目的 优选益肤乳膏剂最稳定配方及制备工艺。方法 筛选不同乳剂基质和不同乳化剂;并以外观性状和离心效果为指标,经正交设计试验对益肤乳膏的制备工艺进行优化。结果 益肤乳膏处方中油相比为33.6%,乳化剂选用甘油酯44/14和乳化-OP做混合乳化剂时最为稳定。在制备工艺中,采用水相加入油相、控制乳化温度在80 ℃、乳化时间30 min、搅拌速度750 r/min条件下制得的成品外观色泽佳,皮肤感觉良好,稳定性高。结论 所优选的益肤乳膏剂制备工艺简便、合理,所得制剂稳定,适用于工业化生产。     

Governance modes,policy regimes and operational plans: A multi-level nested model of policy instrument choice and policy design

Policy goals and means exist at different levels of abstraction and application and policies can be seen to be comprised of a number of components or elements, not all of which are as amenable to (re)design as others. Defining and thinking about polices and policy-making in this way is very useful because it highlights how policy design is all about the effort to match goals and instruments both within and across categories. That is, successful policy design requires (1) that policy aims, objectives, and targets be coherent; (2) that implementation preferences, policy tools and tool calibrations should also be consistent; and (3) that policy aims and implementation preferences; policy objectives, and policy tools; and policy targets and tool calibrations, should also be congruent and convergent. Policy instrument choices can thus be seen to result from a nested or embedded relationship within a larger framework of established governance modes and policy regime logics. In this contextual model, the range of choices left at the level of concrete targeted policy instrument calibrations—the typical subject of policy tool analysis—is restricted by the kinds of decisions made about policy objectives and the appropriate tools to attain them, and both of these, in turn, by the kind of choices made at the highest level setting out general policy aims and implementation preferences.

高职艺术设计专业图案实训课教学探析

传统的图案实训教学模式已不适应高职艺术设计专业的教学需要,在图案实训教学过程中,削弱写生变形的内容,增强传统纹样的应用内容,培养学生将传统纹样与现代化的设计理念相结合的创造能力和表现能力,并通过增加材料、工艺、成本的限制,提高学生对图案应用的认识和设计技能。     

《程序设计课程》教学方法的探索与实践

程序设计课程是计算机学科的专业基础课和核心课,肩负着专业入门和兴趣培养等重任,对于学好后续专业课程有非常重要的意义。本文依据笔者多年的教学实践,依据我校课程内容体系的确定,从理论教学,到实验教学,最后再到实践教学三个方面加以讨论。     

水墨艺术在平面设计中空间的拓展

水墨是中国美术的独特产物,具有很浓重的传统民族风格和特点。中国水墨艺术正在脱离原有的传统模式,也在朝着设计的方向发展,现代平面设计慢慢地扩大了自己的设计范围,也不断渗透、水墨元素于其中,其主要表现形式、内涵为平面设计提供了丰富的养料。本文就从水墨在空间中的意蕴来分析平面设计中的空间形式,以期寻找中国的民族绘画与平面风格的结合点,充分挖掘发展民族风格的本土艺术。     

对当前公安院校研究生教育的思考

研究创新是在全面了解和掌握前人积累的知识和经验的基础上发现新知识和形成新理论的活动。创新性正是通过大量的科学研究和实践活动反映出来的,是研究生教育的生命源,是研究生培养体系形成和发展壮大的基础,是强化研究生创新能力和实践能力的前提。我国现代公安院校研究生教育必须担负起传授公安专业知识、进行技术创新的使命,通过调整课程设置、更新科研理念等切实性措施,培养具有创新精神、创新能力的高层次人才,将创新作为自身发展的永恒主题。     

迈向程序法治：人民监督员制度改革的理性与前瞻

人民监督员制度是权利制约权力、主权在民、公众参与司法、司法民主理念的充分体现。它是一种救济程序,也是一种监督程序。人民监督员制度改革要在宏观上处理好“应然”与“实然”、“渐进”与“嬗变”、“监督”和“独立”的关系;要在微观上健全配套机制,实现人民监督员的独立。     

Enhancing Delivery and Assessment: A Case Study in Module Redesign for Improved Transition Into Higher Education

Understanding student transition into higher education is an important aspect of module design, linking content, delivery, and assessment with a student’s prior educational experience and knowledge bases. However, reflections on how modules designed choices are, generally, not widely disseminated. Here, we document the reflections of a junior lecturer responsible for redesigning a Level-4 Political Systems module and analyze the intentions of change via a transition pedagogy perspective, presenting a program renewal that establishes connected curriculum as an enabling infrastructure for students to actively engage with learning. First-year experience is considered as a major impacting factor of a student’s subsequent success on a program of higher education and the diversification of student cohorts requires teaching staff to consider a wider number of intersectional factors that may impact on a student’s opportunity to succeed in their studies. With a focus on simulations and active-learning, by providing examples of the thinking behind the resultant activities and assessment realignment we hope to provide an example of how a transition approach to a first-year module can be explored.     

First-time boost beats experience: The effect of past eligibility on turnout

Recent findings from the US indicate a clear positive causal effect of past eligibility on voting in subsequent elections. Based on individual-level register data from four elections held in Denmark and Finland, we find that past eligibility either decreases voting propensity or has a zero effect among young voters. The hype associated with the first elections thus appears to cancel out the habit among young adults in countries where the institutional barriers against voting are weak. Moreover, differences across the types of elections can be noted. The negative effect of past eligibility is strongest in elections characterized by low saliency, implying that high-salient elections mobilize all voters equally and therefore narrow the gap between first and second-time eligible voters.