浅议电子合同纠纷的管辖权

电子商务的普及带来越来越多的电子合同纠纷，这些纠纷的解决又给传统司法管辖权带来冲击。实际上，传统的管辖权规则对于解决电子合同纠纷仍然是可以发挥作用的，关键问题是在网络环境下对传统管辖权规则进行新的界定，同时加强国际立法交流与合作，从而为确定电子合同纠纷的管辖权扫清法律障碍。     

论我国涉外劳动争议的法律适用问题

我国涉外劳动争议的法律适用是关系到保护我国涉外劳动争议中劳动者切身利益的重要问题,正确认定我国涉外劳动争议以及正确划分我国涉外劳动争议的管辖权则是在我国涉外劳动争议中正确适用法律的重要前提和基础,文章对我国涉外劳动争议的认定、管辖权以及法律适用进行了深入探讨,以期完善我国相关法律,更好地保护我国涉外劳动争议中劳动者的合法权益。     

海外中国公民安全问题与国籍国的保护

海外中国公民的安全问题已越来越引起人们的关注,而对其中所牵涉到的管辖权以及中国作为国籍国的保护等问题也是众说纷纭。本文以此为导引,围绕外国人的管辖、外国人的待遇、外交和领事保护等基本问题,从国际法和国内法两个不同的角度展开了全面而深入的分析。外国人合法权益的维护和保障必须按照国际法和国内法,并依靠国际社会的广泛合作才能取得良好的效果。     

我国中央与地方立法权限的划分

《立法法》采取列举的方式明确了中央与地方立法权限的划分,具有一定的开拓精神和现实意义。但它的规定存在局限性,没有从根本上改变中央和地方立法工作中出现的混乱和无序等现象。对于中央和地方立法权限的划分,应当以其制约因素为切入点,进而分析目前立法规定和立法实践中存在的问题,从而厘清我国中央和地方立法权限划分的思路和方法,推动我国的法治建设。     

从案例看WTO如何处理RTA争端管辖权问题

近年来兴起的区域贸易安排,虽然对国际贸易不无贡献,但是对世贸组织(WTO)所构建的多边贸易体制亦产生了诸多冲击,争端管辖冲突问题就是其中一例.首先介绍WTO与RTA管辖冲突以及协调原则,此后基于墨西哥饮料案这一涉及管辖冲突的WTO法律实践进行了法律分析,最后就当前在RTA谈判实践中应当如何处理争端管辖冲突问题提出建议.     

国内船员劳务合同纠纷不应适用劳动仲裁前置原则

为有效保护船员的利益、方便船员起诉 ,《海事诉讼特别程序法》尽管赋予船员提起海事请求保全措施的权利 ,并规定了船员劳务合同纠纷案件特殊地域管辖有五个连接点 ,但没有解决国内船员劳务合同纠纷应否适用劳动仲裁前置原则问题。笔者认为 :如强制国内船员劳务合同纠纷的审理适用劳动仲裁前置原则 ,极有可能妨碍船员工资等船舶优先权的行使或拖延其他案件债权的实现。同时 ,随船船员工作流动性大及缺乏固定工会组织等原因 ,又使得强制适用劳动仲裁前置原则缺乏现实基础。因此 ,法律应当明确规定劳动仲裁前置原则不适用于国内船员劳务合同纠纷。     

论强制医疗案件的集中管辖——基于A市审判实践的观察和思考

在现行强制医疗司法实践中,由于各省(市)对肇祸的精神病人多采取集中医疗,而司法机关则分散于各区县,导致司法机关为节约司法成本而有意无意地缩略了部分诉讼程序,使得被强制医疗人及其法定代理人的诉讼权利和实体权利均受到侵害。为改变此种现状,应借鉴行政案件、知识产权案件和特殊刑事案件的集中管辖制度,建立与集中医疗相对应的集中管辖制度即将全省(市)的强制医疗案件集中到接受医疗地的司法机关管辖,从而实现司法资源优化配置,降低司法成本;强化诉讼权利保障,体现程序公正;实现同案同判,维护实体公正;实现效率提升,确保及时审判;实现专业化审判,确保案件质量。为确保特殊案件得以公正处理,应设置集中管辖的例外制度;为保障当事人及其法定代理人对集中管辖的异议权,应赋予其上诉权。     

Voter turnout and municipal amalgamations—evidence from Denmark

ABSTRACT

The study utilizes evidence from the Danish 2007 municipal reform to inquire into the relationship between municipal amalgamations and voter turnout, that is, the classical discussion on size and democracy. The Danish municipal reform is particularly suited for investigating the relationship as a large number of units were merged due to reasons thought to be unrelated with the democratic performance while others were left unchanged. This allows us to investigate the relationship in a quasi-experimental setup. The study finds some evidence of a short-term positive effect on turnout and only limited evidence of a medium- to long-term negative effect when comparing amalgamated and non-amalgamated municipalities. However, stronger indications of negative effects on turnout are found when considering the intensity of the amalgamations.     

Effects of municipal mergers on voter turnout

We study the effects of municipal mergers on voter turnout in a difference-in-differences framework, using data from a wave of municipal mergers in Finland in 2009. Analysing two pre-merger elections and three post-merger elections, spanning a total of 17 years, we find that municipal mergers decrease voter turnout by 4 percentage points in the long run in the relatively small municipalities compared to similar small municipalities that did not merge. As the average turnout rate prior to merging in this group was around 69%, this is a substantial effect. We also find that virtually nothing happens to turnout in the municipalities that were relatively large within their merger. Furthermore, mergers are associated with a decrease in voters’ political efficacy and turnout decreases more in those municipalities that experience larger decreases in efficacy.     

A Political Economy Perspective of Judicial Review in the European Union: Judicial Appointments Rule, Accessibility and Jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice

The paper examines the benefits the sovereign member states of the EU expect to derive by granting the European Court of Justice the power to review the collective policy making decisions of the EU legislative bodies. Using the methodology of constitutional political economy it investigates the one-country one-judge rule of judicial appointments in the ECJ, the restrictions imposed on litigants to access the ECJ and the limits on the jurisdiction of the ECJ to review EU legislation. It also analyses how the presence of judicial review affects the size of the policy measures taken by the policy makers.