论加强海关缉毒国际合作

全球性的毒品泛滥愈演愈烈,对人类的生存和社会的发展构成了严重的威胁。尽管各国海关国际缉毒执法合作已取得了很大的成绩,但其中也存在不少问题。面对世界性的毒品危机,必须采取全球性禁毒战略,加强各国政府,尤其是加强海关之间的禁缉毒合作。     

Toxicology and Circumstances of Completed Suicide by Means Other than Overdose*

Abstract: To determine the prevalence and circumstances of psychoactive substances amongst nonoverdose completed suicide, 1436 consecutive cases autopsied at the NSW Department of Forensic Medicine over the period 1/1/1997–12/31/2006 were analyzed. Substances were detected in 67.2% of cases, and illicit drugs in 20.1%. Alcohol was present in 40.6% of cases. Males were more likely to be positive for alcohol, cannabis, and psychostimulants, and females for pharmaceuticals. Illicits were associated with younger age. Alcohol was most prominent amongst toxicity cases, as were opioids, psychostimulants amongst gunshot cases, and pharmaceuticals amongst drownings. Cases in which drug and alcohol histories were noted were more likely to have a substance detected. Alcohol was more common where a suicide note was left and where relationship problems were involved. Pharmaceuticals were more common where a previous attempt was noted. Licit and illicit substances are strongly associated with suicide, even when the method does not involve drug overdose.     

Fourth Amendment update: the Supreme Court and strip searches: Safford Unified School District No. 1 v Redding

In light of the dramatic increase in the presence of weapons, violence, drugs, and other contraband in schools, school officials in the United States and England face significant challenges as they seek to maintain safe and orderly learning environments. Almost twenty five years after the United States Supreme Court's 1985 ruling in New Jersey v. T.L.O. allowed educational officials to search student lockers and property in order to keep schools safe, the Justices addressed the more delicate matter of strip searches for contraband such as drugs. In Safford Unified School District No. 1 v. Redding (Redding), the Court invalidated the strip search of a student for drugs but left the door open for the possibility of allowing searches for weapons under some circumstances. In light of remaining unanswered questions after Redding, this article reviews the background on the Fourth Amendment, earlier cases on student searches in American public schools, Redding in detail, and reflects on unanswered questions in its wake in the hope of shedding light on the propriety of strip searches of students.     

毒品犯罪若干问题新解——以刑法第347条为分析对象

在直接故意犯罪的语境下，以刑法第347条所规定行为到底有没有行为目的，目的是什么为切入点展开论证。刑法第347条规定的走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的行为具体是指制造毒品的行为，以贩卖为目的走私、运输，贩卖毒品的行为，以贩卖毒品为目的的持有毒品的行为；区别刑法第348条与第349条的关键在于行为目的确认，对运输毒品行为的定罪方面应具体问题具体分析，不宜一刀切。在运输毒品犯罪中如不能确实认定共同犯罪人的地位时，可以采用部分行为共同责任的原理进行处理。当一行为同时可以被“法条竞合”的各该法条进行事实上的“想象竞合”评价时，有必要在解释时考虑行为目的，以便对行为进行恰当地区分。     

论药害侵权及其民事救济理论与制度

药害侵权是一种特殊的产品侵权。严格责任作为一种特殊产品侵权的归责原则已经发展成为药害侵权的基本归责原则。药害事故的频繁发生带来了民事诉讼方面的变化，因果关系推定、举证责任倒置以及集团诉讼地位的提升成为药害侵权诉讼的主要特征。当前，我国药害侵权民事救济立法与司法过程中还存在一些问题,需要采取相应措施逐步加以完善。     

利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品的来源

利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品的来源,是侦查毒品案件的客观要求,对打击毒品犯罪具有重大意义。随着气相色谱同 位素比值质谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱等现代分析技术的出现,使得我们利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品来源成为可能。     

新型毒品滥用与反社会人格——一个犯罪心理学的透视

如果从犯罪心理学的视角,分析新型毒品滥用群体的人格特征,结合考察新型毒品与传统毒品之间的区别,则不难发现,新型毒品的心理依赖性背后,事实上反应了吸毒者群体中一种共性人格特征;而这种共性人格特征实际又与反社会人格障碍之间有着千丝万缕的联系,其深层原因,在于新型毒品对于反社会人格障碍者而言,是一种释放自身被规范所压抑的人格的最具吸引力,且最少责任的媒介。这就为我们提供了一条矫治新型毒品滥用者的新思路。     

The forgotten success story: Japan and the methamphetamine problem

This paper examines Japan's policy towards methamphetamine (Japanese: hiropon). Opium has been used in Japan for medicinal purposes since 1722. However, it was strictly controlled. The result was that drug abuse was minuscule. This changed with the introduction of methamphetamine. During the Second World War hiropon was given by the military to fighter pilots and the signal corps in order to help them stay awake and alert. After 1945, the large military stockpiles of methamphetamine found their way onto the black market. With society in chaos, drug abuse spread rapidly and a hiropon epidemic emerged. The introduction of a comprehensive anti-drug package in the mid-1950s, including stricter laws, resulted in that abuse having been almost totally eradicated by 1957. Around 1970 a new wave of abuse (‘the second epidemic’) began. It peaked around 1985, after which abuse tampered off, albeit slowly. A temporary increase in the mid-1990s made Japanese authorities declare the emergence of ‘the third epidemic’ that is still said to be ongoing. Official statistics show, however, that Japan has not seen any such epidemic. In comparison with most other Western countries, methamphetamine abuse in Japan is modest.     

基于ITS2条形码序列对新型“香料”毒品植物成分的研究

目的应用DNA条形码片段ITS2对新型毒品样品中的植物成分进行分析。方法提取可疑毒品样本"spike99","K2","7号"中的植物基因组DNA,用ITS2通用引物进行扩增,对扩增产物进行测序,对序列校对拼接,应用BLAST方法在NCBI数据库中比对。结果 "spike 99"、"7号"各得到1条ITS2基因序列,"K2"得到2条ITS2基因序列,分别与紫花苜蓿、大麻、啤酒花、黄蜀葵的ITS2基因序列的同源性为100%。结论应用条形码技术可以成功分析新型毒品中的植物种属,为案件中植物样本的种属鉴定提供方法。     

关于非法持有毒品罪的两个问题

当今世界毒品犯罪持续增长,这是每个国家不可避免而要面对的问题。非法持有毒品罪是我国刑法348条规定的犯罪,是指违反国家毒品管理法规,持有较大数量的毒品,司法机关又无法查证毒品来源与用途的行为。本罪的手段:违反国家毒品管理法规,持有较大数量的毒品的行为。在司法实践中本罪与其他犯罪容易混淆,应加以区别。