How to Develop More Effective Policies Against Crime: Some Reflections on Drugs and Crime Research in an International Context

This paper offers some reflections on how to develop more effective policies against crime, drawing on more than 10 years of research experience on the international drug problem. The paper begins by trying to illustrate the so-called justice gap in the world, and explain why an institution such as the United Nations has a comparative advantage in closing that gap. It then details four lessons that the author has learnt from his own personal experience as head of research in the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, now called the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: (i) measure, count, and keep counting; (ii) publish or perish, either in inter-governmental default, or in public hysteria; (iii) limit the dangers of committing the euphemistic fallacy; and (iv) divorce research and policy, because research is policy-dependent; make research policy-relevant, and re-marry it to policy. Finally, the paper tries to show how these lessons can be applied in related areas and used as good practice in research on crime.     

毒品犯罪司法实践中的疑难问题探究

毒品犯罪是一个极其严重的社会问题。我国政府对毒品犯罪的严厉打击取得了一定的成效,但在司法实践中仍存在许多不足和失误之处。应当将毒品犯罪认定为行为犯,行为人只要实施了走私、制造、贩卖、运输、非法持有毒品中的任何一种行为就构成了相应的犯罪既遂形态; 毒品是否最终流向社会,只能作为量刑情节考虑。在主观方面,除了直接故意外,间接故意也可以构成毒品犯罪。在量刑时,涉案毒品数量不是判处死刑的唯一标准,而应当综合考虑其他犯罪情节和对社会的危害程度。为了协调全国人大常委会关于禁毒的决定和刑法的冲突,建议将毒品累犯扩大至走私、贩卖、运输、制造、非法持有毒品罪等五种犯罪,个人和单位都可以构成毒品犯罪累犯。     

山西省未成年人毒品犯罪调查研究

山西省未成年人毒品犯罪在犯罪数量、犯罪主体、犯罪手段、地域分布、毒品种类等方面呈现一定特点,未成年人毒品犯罪的原因主要有对毒品的好奇和无知、亲密群体的诱导、特殊经历的诱发和不良交往的影响等。针对山西省未成年人毒品犯罪的现状和成因,需要我们做出理性的分析和应对。     

戒毒管理改革与其成效的检验标准--对湖南12个强制、劳教戒毒与派出所、居委会的调查与思考

戒毒复吸率之高,一直是戒毒工作的顽症,如何加以攻克?本文运用社会学的再社会化理论,从分析湖南戒毒管理模式入手,阐述了戒毒管理是实现戒毒者由强制再社会化向主动再社会化转变的一种催化剂,提出了“提高巩固率,延长巩固时间“这一目前检验戒毒管理成效的核心评价标准,以及实现戒毒管理目标所存在的问题及其应对策略.     

毒品犯罪的立功问题研究

毒品犯罪极强的隐蔽性特点决定了此类案件的侦破难度较大,司法实践表明犯罪分子的立功是破获此类案件的非常重要的线索和来源。现行法律和相关法规对毒品犯罪中立功适用没有考虑到毒品犯罪的特殊性,有必要扩大毒品犯罪中立功的成立范围。     

论贩毒案件的证据认定

贩毒案件证据就是指能够证明贩毒案件真实情况的一切事实。司法实践中侦查机关取证比较困难 ,证据获取途径窄 ,为此 ,侦查机关在毒品案件中获取的证据有哪些能被法庭采用 ,从而严厉打击毒品犯罪活动就显得至关重要。笔者拟从一是目前贩毒案件证据收集中存在的问题 ;二是贩毒案件的认定 ;三是诱惑侦查在贩毒案件中的认定等三个方面来加以论述。     

在饲料添加剂中加入人药不构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪--以李某某案为例

李某某在饲料添加剂中加入人用降糖药格列本脲,其行为违反了相关行政法规和行业标准。但是,从法条文义上看,李某某的行为不属于在产品中掺杂、掺假,以假充真,以次充好,以不合格产品冒充合格产品;从法益保护上看,李某某的行为没有损害产品市场诚实交易的秩序和用户、消费者的合法权益;从罪名之间的协调性上看,李某某的行为不符合构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪的实质要件;从违法性判断的相对性上看,李某某的行为不应属于刑法规制的对象。因此,李某某在饲料添加剂中加入格列本脲的行为不构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪。     

Theorising state–narco relations in Bolivia’s nascent democracy (1982–1993): governance,order and political transition

Conventional policy and academic discourses have generally held illicit drug economies in Latin America to be synergistic with violence and instability. The case of post-transition Bolivia (1982–1993) confounds such assumptions. Applying a political economy approach, this article moves beyond mainstream analyses to examine how the Bolivian drug trade became interwoven with informal forms of governance, order and political transition. I argue that state–narco networks – a hangover from Bolivia’s authoritarian era – played an important role in these complex processes. In tracing the evolution of these interactions, the article advances a more nuanced theorisation of the relationship between the state and the drug trade in an understudied case.     

毒品犯罪死刑问题研究

出于现实中打击毒品犯罪的需要,我国现行刑法的毒品犯罪仍然保留了死刑。但是,从司法实践角度看,我们应当严格限制毒品犯罪死刑的适用;从立法论角度看,出于对人权的保护和尊重,以及受到毒品合法化等因素的影响,我们应当力争废除我国刑法中毒品犯罪保留的死刑。     

初探"控制下交付"

"控制下交付"是目前国际社会普遍认同的,对打击跨国、跨地区毒品犯罪十分有效的侦查措施,在实战中发挥着重要作用,但必须在当事各方的通力合作和严密监探下进行.