试论责令性行政行为的司法认定

因责令性行政行为的法律属性存在争议,亦使法院在司法实践中的审判思路不尽相同,导致裁判结果不一,这也是此类案件频繁进入二审、再审的重要原因。本文认为,法院在认定时应以现行法律规范为基础进行体系化解释,关注责令性行政行为所产生的实质效果并结合具体因素进行分析,以更好地辨析其法律属性,从而有效发挥法院定分止争的功能。     

论涉众型经济案件的定性及其犯罪预防——以“福鼎会案”与“万家购物网”案为例

涉众型经济案件中罪与非罪的定性问题是处理该类案件的重要难点之一。通过对“福鼎会案”与“万家购物网”案的考察，可知对涉众型经济案件的实体认定，需要剖析经济行为的运行模式和获利来源的实质，并分析其正当性和合法性，再据此对其予以罪与非罪的准确定性。与此同时，亦应当从三个方面规范经济行为、加强对经济行为的引导和管理，加强对经济行为的监督和防范、遏制经济犯罪苗头，加大宣传力度、提高社会公众的防范意识，实现对涉众型经济犯罪的预防。     

试述法官对刑事证据的认证方法

法官对刑事证据的认证,实际上就是对刑事证据的审查判断.根据司法实践,法官对刑事证据的认证方法有综合比较法、鉴定法、对质法等六种.     

兔体内三唑仑及其代谢物的检测

目的不同方法检测三唑仑及代谢物α-羟基三唑仑，为其及时、准确的检测提供科学证据和最优方法。方法用GC／NPD、GC／MS、MS／MS、GC／ECD对兔体内三唑仑及代谢物α-羟基三唑仑进行检测。结果GC／ECD法最易检测出三唑仑及其代谢物。结论兔胃及内容物、尿液中容易检测到三唑仑及其代谢物；运用酶水解后，检测率最高；GC／ECD检测三唑仑及其代谢物的灵敏度最高。     

Craniometric analysis of the modern Cretan population

Despite the fact that sex assessment using craniofacial characteristics is commonly made worldwide, a lack of such investigation is noted in the Balkan area and in Greece in particular. The aim of this study is to develop a sex determination technique using osteometric data from skeletal remains of a contemporary Cretan cemetery population.A total of 90 males and 88 females are measured according to standard osteometric techniques. Age differences are not significant (mean age for men = 68.94 ± 13.41, N = 66; for women = 73.21 ± 16.77, N = 66). A total of 16 dimensions taken from the craniofacial skeleton are used and data are analyzed using SPSS subroutines. A comparison is made with other contemporary populations, including Americans (Terry collection) and South Africans (Dart and Pretoria collections), as well as an archaeological sample (Middle and Late Helladic) from Crete.Results indicate that males are statistically significantly greater than females in all dimensions. Bizygomatic breadth is the most discriminatory single dimension and can provide an accuracy rate of 82% on average. Using a stepwise method involving five dimensions (bizygomatic breadth, cranial length, nasion–prosthion and mastoid height and nasal breadth), accuracy is raised to 88.2%. Interestingly, cranial length is selected as the first discriminating variable by the stepwise analysis when only the neurocranium is available for measurement.     

浅议信用证诈骗罪

当今金融全球化趋势下的信用证,在贸易支付中占有至关重要的地位,受到贸易当事人的青睐,但同时也被不法分子所觊觎.信用证诈骗犯罪使得世界各国深受其害.本文从刑法学的角度,对信用证诈骗罪的要件、类型和处罚进行了深入分析,并试图寻求一些防范对策,以期减少风险,增强法律保障.     

税收原则的宪法学解读

宪政意义上税收的价值取向是捐税正义,能够体现捐税正义宪政精神的税法原则是税收公平原则和税收法定原则。税收公平原则是捐税正义的直接体现,税收法定原则是捐税正义的法律保障。在税收公平原则和税收法定原则中,税收公平原则高于税收法定原则。     

行政直接强制的程序探讨

行政直接强制既是行政强制执行法所要解决的核心问题，又是行政强制执行制度中最难以规范的问题，然而，行政直接强制程序的理论，尤其是行政直接强制程序的法律地位一直是行政法学界比较困惑的，在我国《行政强制执行法》即将制定之际，系统探讨这一问题是非常必要的。包括行政直接强制程序立法的现状评价、行政直接强制属性与程序性质确定、行政直接强制程序立法技术等。     

死亡的自我决定权与社会决定权——中日安乐死问题的比较研究

日本的安乐死研究重视患者的“自我决定权”，有轻视“经济负担”等外在社会利益因素的倾向。而我国恰恰与此相反，过于关注“社会医药资源的合理配置”等外在社会利益因素，缺乏对患者“自我决定权”这一内在因素的深入研究。其实，“自我决定”与“社会决定”分别是允许积极安乐死的必要条件而不是充分条件。用二选一的方法，舍弃其中的任何一个原理来建构安乐死合法论是行不通的。只有将“自我决定权”与“社会决定权”相结合，才能从刑法理论上顺利解决安乐死问题。只有当两者都符合时，积极安乐死才是合法的。     

Nonmetric sex determination from the distal and posterior humerus in black and white South Africans

The successful identification of human skeletal remains relies on proven diagnostic techniques for sex determination. This research utilized 608 individuals from South Africa (420 men, 188 women) to conduct a blind nonmetric determination of sex from three features of the distal humerus: olecranon fossa shape, angle of the medial epicondyle, and trochlear extension. A scoring system between males and females was implemented, and the aggregate score of the three features determined the estimated sex of the skeletal element in question. With all features combined, black and white South Africans were categorized successfully as either male or female 75.5% (77% accuracy rate for females, 74% accuracy rate for males). This classification rate is lower than what was found in previous studies, but suggests that characteristics of the distal humerus are still quite valuable when estimating skeletal sex. More research is needed to assess reasons for the differential expression of these traits in different populations and to determine whether the method is nonpopulation specific.