《合同法》第113条第1款(违约损害的赔偿范围)评注

《合同法》第113条第1款确立了违约损害金钱赔偿责任的完全赔偿原则和可预见性限制规则,也适用于多种非违约型的义务违反情形。涉及履行利益和非履行利益的损害,都可能表现为实际损失或可得利益。以信赖利益范围为准的违约损害赔偿,填补的仍是履行利益损害。实际损失和可得利益在事实因果关系认定方面各有特点。可预见性规则的时点标准存在细化的可能。可预见性的判断因交易情境的差异而有不同。     

国际刑警组织发展趋势研究

国际刑警组织作为世界上最大的警务合作平台,是国际警务合作的主渠道。历史上,国际刑警组织的组织规模不断壮大,执行机制及警务技术各有突破。如今,随着国际警务执法需求及执法环境的演变,国际刑警组织的发展趋势突出地表现为在国际警务合作中发挥其资源性功能、区域行动增多、工作手段智能化、关注的犯罪领域进一步细化等方面。     

‘We will not balance the books on the backs of the poorest people in the world’: Understanding Conservative Party Strategy on International Aid

The decision of the Conservative‐dominated coalition to ring‐fence international development spending has been, given the economic environment, one of most intriguing decisions of the new government. Recognising the relative neglect of academic work on Conservative policy towards international development, the article seeks to provide an explanation for its new‐found prioritisation. In doing so, the article suggests that it can be attributed to four possible influences: that it can be tied to the process of modernisation and brand decontamination of the Conservatives; that it is a consequence of the personal commitment of key elites such as David Cameron, George Osborne and Andrew Mitchell; that it is by‐product of the perceived success of the Department for International Development under New Labour, which made subsuming it within the Foreign and Commonwealth Office a non‐viable (and expensive) option; and that protecting the international aid budget was actually in the British national interest.     

Causeless complicity

I argue, contrary to standard claims, that accomplice liability need not be a causal relation. One can be an accomplice to another’s crime without causally contributing to the criminal act of the principal. This is because the acts of aid and encouragement that constitute the basis for accomplice liability typically occur in contexts of under- and over-determination, where causal analysis is confounded. While causation is relevant to justifying accomplice liability in general, only potential causation is necessary in particular cases. I develop this argument through the example of the role of U.S. legal officials in abetting the acts of unlawful interrogation that have taken place since 2001. I also suggest that there may be a limited justification for ex post ratificatory accomplice liability.

利益和谐视域下的农产品贸易与环境问题研究

贸易与环境问题已经发展为人类面临的最为紧迫的议题。农产品贸易与环境有着最为密切的联系。而农产品贸易与环境的矛盾在国际社会领域主要表现为发达国家与广大发展中国家之间的冲突和矛盾。为寻求农产品贸易与环境问题的有效解决,我们必须以利益和谐为理论基点,从理念上关注贸易利益和环境利益的和谐、发达国家利益和发展中国家利益的和谐,并从内发与外围整合的双重径路采取有力措施,方能彻底地化解农产品贸易与环境问题,促进整个国际社会的和谐发展。     

论“校局合作”的历史、现状、制约因素及发展思路——校局合作的责任、情感和利益

加强"校局合作"是提高公安院校办学水平的重要环节。"校局合作"在公安院校的发展历程中,因不同的办学模式而呈现不同的状态。基于事业单位性质的公安院校的"校局合作"存在经费保障不足,合作办班积极性不高;学生实习、见习多了利益,少了责任;校局学术科研合作因种种原因不尽如人意等问题。制约"校局合作"的主要因素既有体制问题,也有利益问题。领导重视,进行体制改革,注重合作的互利互惠,实现利益双赢是"校局合作"长盛不衰的根本。     

Beyond Weber: Conceptualizing an alternative ideal type of bureaucracy in developing contexts

The study of public administration in developing countries requires that we look beyond the Weberian model as the only ideal type of bureaucracy. When we assume that there exists only one gold standard of public administration, all other organizational forms that do not conform to the Weberian ideal are dismissed as corrupt or failed. Drawing on neo‐institutional economics, I introduce an alternative ideal type of bureaucracy found in contemporary China. This model, which I call bureau‐franchising, combines the hierarchical structure of bureaucracy with the high‐powered incentives of franchising. In this system, public agencies can rightfully claim a share of income earned to finance and reward themselves, like entrepreneurial franchisees. Yet distinct from lawless corruption, this self‐financing (or prebendal) behavior is sanctioned and even deliberately incentivized by state rules. Although such a model violates several Weberian tenets of “good” bureaucracy, it harnesses and regulates the high‐powered incentives of prebendalism to ameliorate budgetary and capacity constraints that are common in developing countries like China.     

Baselines for Clean Development Mechanism Projects: The Marrakesh Accords and Beyond

The Marrakesh Accords at the seventh meeting of Conference of Parties (COP-7) finally set the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) wheel moving by establishing a CDM Board and providing some broad guidelines on baselines for the CDM projects. The broad guidelines provide flexibility to develop baselines, which gives rise to prospect of more than one baseline for a project. This has been illustrated with a case study of Zafarana, a wind farm power project. seven possible baselines emerge when applying the broad guidelines included in the Accords indicating the need for detailed guidelines. In the current scenario, a project developer may have to work-out the best course of action considering criteria such as level of complexity and available expertise to develop the baseline, availability of data, expected return etc.     

价值内涵与发展方式:社会主义的双重定义

社会主义是现代生产力发展方式与人民根本利益价值目标的有机整体 ,这是马克思主义关于社会主义的总体认识 ,也是科学理解和正确建设社会主义的理论基础。     

西部投资环境的分析和对策

良好的投资环境已成为地区经济与社会发展的重要因素。西部的投资环境在基础设施、市场环境、人文环境以及西部开发的政策等方面存在着不足,不具备明显的比较优势。为了使西部开发吸取大量的资金投入,创造良好的投资环境,一是要寻求外商在西部投资的均衡点,二是要高度重视改善投资软环境,加大招商引资力度。