女性学研究——反思与展望

作为一门新兴的跨学科研究,女性学研究经过相当长时间的发展,已经取得了众所瞩目的成就,成为当代妇女问题研究中一个不可或缺的重要组成部分。女性学研究具有鲜明的反传统精神、深刻的人文关怀倾向、兼容并包的学术胸襟、多学科交叉的研究特色、格物致用的学术传统等学科特征。女性学研究对妇女发展具有指导作用,有助于帮助人们理解“妇女解放”的真正含义,并有助于廓清我们对女权运动的认识。女性学研究代表了新世纪妇女问题研究的一个发展方向,为女性主义的探索开辟了新的增长点。     

布卢姆儿童智力发展曲线的由来及证伪

本研究通过严密细致的模拟实验来评价布卢姆的儿童智力发展曲线。结果表明：由于人的智力发展在很大程度上是非随机的过程,安德生的以随机实验为根据的重叠公式不适合用于计算机的智力发展,因此,以安德生的重叠公式为根据的布卢姆的智力发展曲线从本质上说是错误的。     

我国高新技术产业开发区发展布局的合理性取向探讨

高新技术产业开发区的发展布局是具有一定规律性的,园区运营的绩效与发展布局有很大关系。本文简述了我国高新技术产业开发区的类型,分析了发展布局的现状,并指出了存在的问题,进而对我国高新技术产业开发区发展布局的重点、发展布局框架的构想等进行了探讨。     

Developmental Validation of the ANDE 6C System for Rapid DNA Analysis of Forensic Casework and DVI Samples

A developmental validation was performed to demonstrate reliability, reproducibility, and robustness of the ANDE Rapid DNA Identification System for processing of crime scene and disaster victim identification (DVI) samples. A total of 1705 samples were evaluated, including blood, oral epithelial samples from drinking containers, samples on FTA and untreated paper, semen, bone, and soft tissues. This study was conducted to address the FBI’s Quality Assurance Standards on developmental validation and to accumulate data from a sufficient number of unique donors and sample types to meet NDIS submission requirements for acceptance of the ANDE Expert System for casework use. To date, no Expert System has been approved for such samples, but the results of this study demonstrated that the automated Expert System performs similarly to conventional laboratory data analysis. Furthermore, Rapid DNA analysis demonstrated accuracy, precision, resolution, concordance, and reproducibility that were comparable to conventional processing along with appropriate species specificity, limit of detection, performance in the presence of inhibitors. No lane-to-lane or run-to-run contamination was observed, and the system correctly identified the presence of mixtures. Taken together, the ANDE instrument, I-Chip consumable, FlexPlex chemistry (a 27-locus STR assay compatible with all widely used global loci, including the CODIS core 20 loci), and automated Expert System successfully processed and interpreted more than 1200 unique samples with over 99.99% concordant CODIS alleles. This extensive developmental validation data provides support for broad use of the system by agencies and accredited forensic laboratories in single-source suspect-evidence comparisons, local database searches, and DVI.     

Whither the state? Mining codes and mineral resource governance in Africa

In contrast to the early post-independence era in which African states predominantly controlled the mining sector, the 1980s saw African countries update their mining codes to attract foreign capital. These reform measures largely diminished the power of the state, either resulting in its “selective silence” or its retraction. However, after three waves of these reforms, the disparity between natural resources and sustainable development has continued to widen. Two theories offer a nuanced approach to understanding the state of flux of mining codes and mineral governance in Africa: governance theory and the developmental state theory. This article argues that the activist, interventionist state is making a comeback in mineral resource governance throughout Africa. Moreover, regional initiatives such as the African Mining Vision represent a fundamental departure in mineral governance. However, such initiatives will only bring development to the extent that they are owned by African governments and backed by local communities.     

China: an East Asian alternative to neoliberalism?

The political-economic evolution of post-Mao China has been portrayed as a historically inevitable embrace of neoliberalism; as an exemplification of the East Asian developmental state and as an extension of Soviet New Economic Policy-style state capitalism. This paper evaluates these portrayals through a broad historical and geographical framework. It examines the position of China as a new state after 1949. It then places the shifting logics of socioeconomic regulation in China in relation to (1) the global neoliberal hegemony since the 1980s and (2) the concomitant shifts in the economic policies of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. In so doing, the paper demonstrates how the Communist Party of China creatively adapted and re-purposed regulatory logics from the Washington Consensus and East Asian policies to consolidate its own version of Leninist state-led development.     

实现资源配置更高层次的发展需要建立完整的创新体系

社会转型期,我国经济社会发展的一个突出矛盾是经济资源、生态资源和公共资源的不合理流动与不合理分配。促进资源配置方式更高层次的发展,实现全社会效率的提高,不仅要在整个社会发展层面上．而且还要不断从理论与政策、观念与技术、内容与形式上建立完整的创新体系。     

Childhood:

The author begins by describing various terms that are used in discussion of addictive disorders and how they relate to one another. The tern "intrapsychic addiction" is proposed as describing the substrate ef the externally manifested addictions (chemical dependency, compulsive gambling, eating, overwork, etc.). The author then reviews the physical, psychoIogical and social factors which predispose children to addiction. A model relating these various factors to one another is presented.     

Rwanda: an agrarian developmental state?

This article investigates Rwanda’s agricultural policies and institutions as a historically contextualised response to exceptionally adverse developmental circumstances. Using the agrarian question as an analytical point of reference, the article argues that it is extremely difficult to identify how increases in productivity and income in smallholder agriculture can be achieved without forceful state action and a sustained injection of resources. In light of this, entirely right-congruent governance is caught in a dilemma about the extent to which the government overrides peasants’ own agency and the extent to which the agrarian strategy produces a sustained and stable transformation in agriculture. Rather than making a defence or condemnation of the government’s strategy, the article argues against pre-emptive judgements of an agrarian strategy that can only discernibly attain success over a long period. What the article does do is insist that there is development potential in the current strategy, not simply a disaster in the making.