When Children are the Least Vulnerable to False Memories: A True Report or a Case of Autosuggestion?

In this case report, a legal case revolving around the reliability of statements given by a 6‐year‐old girl is described. She claimed to have witnessed her mother being murdered by her father. Two psychological experts provided diametrically opposed opinions about the reliability of her statements. One expert, a clinician, opined that the girl's statements were based on autosuggestion whereas the other expert, a memory researcher, stated that autosuggestion was unlikely to have played a role. This case and the analysis of the experts' opinions illustrate what may happen when experts in court are unaware of the recent literature on (false) memory. That is, recent studies show that autosuggestion is less likely to occur in young children than in older children and adults. The current case stresses the importance and implications of relying on memory experts in cases concerning the reliability of eyewitness statements.     

发展—安全互动演进的区域逻辑：以湄公河下游区域为例

发展—安全联结是国际安全领域的重大课题,它们的互动关系深刻影响着全球秩序与安全事态,这在\"区域\"这一国际互动与研究的关键层面尤其显著。通过引入\"发展\"这一关键变量,提供一个包括\"发展\"在内的\"区域发展—安全复合体\"分析框架,探究发展区域主义在区域安全与互动演进中的角色作用。湄公河下游区域是东亚发展—安全复合体塑造与演进的典型案例,通过各种发展合作活动,该区域的发展—安全复合体实现了从初级到深入的演变,从安全互动主导的\"战争前线\"转变为发展与安全和谐互促的\"商业走廊\"。在这一过程中,发展区域主义起着关键的能动作用,在物质、制度、文化等方面改变着区域的互动与结构,也造就了湄公河下游区域发展—安全复合体复合中心性与多元性、兼顾开放性与自主性以及在规范性与灵活性间寻求和谐的特征。     

UNPACKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT EMPLOYMENT AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: A MATCHED SAMPLES COMPARISON*

A large body of research has consistently found that intensive employment during the school year is associated with heightened antisocial behavior. These findings have been influential in prompting policy recommendations to establish stricter limits on the number of hours that students can work during the school year. We reexamine the linkage between first‐time work at age 16 during the school year and problem behaviors. Our analysis uses group‐based trajectory modeling to stratify youths based on their developmental history of crime and substance abuse. This stratification serves to control for preexisting differences between workers and nonworkers and permits us to examine whether the effect of work on problem behaviors depends on the developmental history of those behaviors. Contrary to most prior research we find no overall effect of working on either criminal behavior or substance abuse. However, we do find some indication that work may have a salutary effect on these behaviors for some individuals who had followed trajectories of heightened criminal activity or substance abuse prior to their working for the first time.     

东盟国家外资投资的发展特点与趋势

本文选择了泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾等四个东盟国家,分析它们在进口替代工业化、面向出口工业化、面向出口工业化与第二代进口替代工业化并行发展、金融危机后的两次经济衰退与两次复苏等阶段外资发展特点的变化,并分析导致这些变化的国内与国际经济背景。     

植物雌激素生殖发育毒性的研究进展

阐述了植物雌激素的分类、作用机理及其对动物及人类生殖发育毒性的研究进展,旨在通过探讨植物雌激素对动物体的拟激素作用,证实其对人类生殖健康的影响。     

Developmental patterns of sex differences in delinquency among African American adolescents: A test of the sex-invariance hypothesis

This paper addresses a developmental issue concerning longitudinal patterns of sex differences in delinquency. Hirschi and Gottfredson argue that the age-delinquency relation is invariant across sex and that sex differences in delinquency are invariant over time as well. A combination of these two propositions generates a hypothesis, called here the sex-invariance hypothesis, that sex differences in delinquency are invariant over developmental stages of adolescents. To test the sex-invariance hypothesis, nine waves of panel data collected from a representative urban sample of African American adolescents are analyzed. The overall findings show that sex differences in delinquency tend to vary as the subjects grow older, rather than remain constant as the invariance thesis posits. Specifically, sex differences in delinquency peak at the age of 15 and thereafter declines with age. We also find that parental supervision significantly explains sex differences in delinquency for younger adolescence, but not for older adolescence.     

发展型联盟与印度持续的经济改革

印度政府自20世纪80年代中后期到90年代初持续的经济改革,是由于支持改革的政治家、官僚机构与智囊团、商业集团之间形成了一种发展型联盟。这一联盟是在民主政治的竞争中形成并发挥作用。印度进行的经济改革经验在很大程度上证明了,民主国家可以在不改变其体制的情况下进行经济变革的可能性,并在一定程度上否定了经济自由化的改革必然需要一个强权政府的观念。     

Developmental validation of the SPERM HY-LITER™ kit for the identification of human spermatozoa in forensic samples

Abstract: With sexual assault evidence, the visualization of spermatozoa confirms that ejaculation has occurred. However, microscopic examination of spermatozoa is a laborious process and can sometimes result in sperm cells being overlooked. Here, we present the developmental validation of the SPERM HY‐LITER? kit, which contains a human sperm–specific mouse monoclonal antibody coupled to a fluorescent Alexa 488 dye. The kit was tested using samples of human semen, saliva, blood, and urine, various animal semen extracts, sexual lubricants, and a commercially available spermicidal film. Postcoital vaginal swabs, degraded semen samples, and samples prepared with sample fixation techniques that deviated from the kit‐provided protocol were also tested. In each case, the SPERM HY‐LITER? kit was demonstrated to bind only to human sperm cell heads. Limitations to this fluorescent staining procedure include nonspecific staining and increased background fluorescence with extreme heat fixation in some samples.