Changes in Discrepancies Between Desired and Present States of Developmental Tasks in Adolescence: A 4-Process Model

Individuals direct their own development by setting developmental goals and striving for goal attainment. Human development includes reductions in discrepancies between desired and actual states, as is the case in goal attainment and reduction of aspirations, as well as increases of discrepancies, for example, when individuals increase their aspirations or face setbacks. The present study analyzed how ways of changing discrepancies between desired and actual states of solving developmental tasks relate to changes in adolescents' self-esteem across a 2-year period. With regard to discrepancy-reducing processes we found that increases in goal attainment were associated with increased self-esteem whereas reductions of aspirations were not systematically associated with self-esteem change. With regard to discrepancy-producing processes, diminishing of the present state was consistently associated with declines in self-esteem, whereas increases in aspirations showed inconsistent associations with self-esteem changes. The results indicate similarities and differences between developmental regulation in adolescence and adulthood.     

我国青年文化的现状与发展趋势简析

青年文化是现代社会的产物,反映了青年人特定的生活方式。青年文化在物质形式上突出表现为与高科技的紧密结合;价值观念上则大多呈现为务实化、多元化、个性化的特点,并体现为对特定话语体系的追求;青年人更多地认同非正式组织,而逐渐走向不同的阶层。在发展趋势上,青年文化在相当时间内仍会保持现有的特点,同时,更加紧密地与市场相结合,与成人社会和主流文化相靠近。同时,由于青年文化本身所具有的不确定性,在未来社会里,其发展趋向仍有无限的可能。     

When Children are the Least Vulnerable to False Memories: A True Report or a Case of Autosuggestion?

In this case report, a legal case revolving around the reliability of statements given by a 6‐year‐old girl is described. She claimed to have witnessed her mother being murdered by her father. Two psychological experts provided diametrically opposed opinions about the reliability of her statements. One expert, a clinician, opined that the girl's statements were based on autosuggestion whereas the other expert, a memory researcher, stated that autosuggestion was unlikely to have played a role. This case and the analysis of the experts' opinions illustrate what may happen when experts in court are unaware of the recent literature on (false) memory. That is, recent studies show that autosuggestion is less likely to occur in young children than in older children and adults. The current case stresses the importance and implications of relying on memory experts in cases concerning the reliability of eyewitness statements.     

Homicide of children and adolescents in Mexico (1990–2013)

The trends and correlates of child and juvenile homicide rates in three developmental age groups (0-5, 6-11, and 12-17) during 1990–2013 in Mexico are examined by using vital statistical data. Homicide rates for adults and children were calculated yearly and the place where homicides occurred and the means used to commit homicide examined. Changes and continuities in homicide rates during 2002–2007 and 2008–2013 and their association with socio-economic, status of women, public security efforts, and firearm availability variables were studied. Homicide rates increased rapidly for adults and children in 2008 as did the rates in which a firearm was used. Rates for adults and children 0–5 years were particularly correlated. In some states, the youngest children’s rates increased by 75% or more than the rates for adults. High-increase states for younger children were closer to the U.S. border, were farther from abortion services, and had growing rates of female-headed households.     

云南民族地区小城镇发展模式的实证分析

小城镇建设对云南民族地区的经济社会发展具有特别重要的意义.从实践上看,云南民族地区小城镇的发展模式主要有商贸型、旅游型、交通枢纽型、工业型和综合型.云南民族地区小城镇发展一靠政府推动,二靠市场机制的拉动.     

赫勒历史哲学思想的发展历程

关于历史问题的思考及对现代性问题的历史反思与历史重构是赫勒哲学思想的重要方面。赫勒历史哲学思想的发展历程大致经历了三个阶段,实质上就是从构建一种历史理论的体系,到碎片化的历史断想,再到现代性历史反思与重构的发展过程。     

整合进路中的发展策略:伯克利学派的理论纲领——兼评《转变中的法律与社会:迈向回应型法》

伯克利学派是在工具主义思路和改革法制、解决社会问题的指向下探求一种规范主义的法社会学,力图超越自然法和法律实证主义的二元对立,重新整合法律、政治和社会的理论.伯克利学派的理论纲领主要沿着一种整合进路展开,其中所运用的发展策略对其法律理想类型的建构起着重要作用,但也存在自相矛盾:强调法律的"内在动力"而忽视外部条件;法律理想类型的构建与强烈的社会改革倾向之间呈现一种紧张,从而弱化了这一理论的有效性.     

漂流生态旅游研究--以贵州马岭河峡谷为例

漂流生态旅游已逐渐成为生态旅游者中勇敢者最富旅游体验的项目之一.这种旅游具有五大优势旅游体验的真实性;旅游过程的刺激性;旅游开展的区域性;旅游对象的选择性.在我国,漂流生态旅游具有巨大的市场潜力.贵州马岭河开展漂流生态旅游,具有乐观的发展前景.研究其开发模式及对策,有利于提升景区景点的旅游价值.     

Order and Contestation in the Asia-Pacific Region: Liberal vs Developmental/Non-interventionist Approaches

Abstract

The United States/European-inspired liberal international order has long been challenged in the Asia-Pacific. During the Cold War years, Washington sponsored a developmental, state-interventionist order to contain the threat from Asian communism. This developmental order persisted even as the end of the Cold War allowed the US to promote a liberal regional order. Moreover, after the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-98, the US was increasing constrained by its post-9/11 preoccupation with the Middle East, the rise of China, its responsibility for the Great Recession of 2008-09 and the infighting that consumed Washington. While elements of a liberal order can be found in the Asia-Pacific today, they must continue to contend with non-interventionist and developmental values still found in the region.     

Neo-liberalism in post-crisis South Korea: Social conditions and outcomes

South Korea's post-war development pattern has been considered to be a developmental state model, where the basic institutional framework was the “state-banks-chaebol nexus.” Since the financial crisis of 1997, however, the country has been swiftly transformed from the developmental state model and has acquired more neo-liberal characteristics. This has been made possible through intense reforms implemented by the post-crisis South Korean government under the IMF's guidance and encouraged by domestic political, ideational, and social conditions. Among those, significant conditions for this swift transformation include chaebols' legitimacy problems, neo-liberal consensus among the domestic elite, democracy hijacked by neo-liberalism, and the role of some NGOs. As social outcomes of the transformation, we find the enlarged presence of transnational capital, increased labour flexibility, inequality and poverty, and an increasing cultural gap in the country. Huge social costs of such neo-liberal transformation necessitate an alternative path of political economy.