谈计算机犯罪的侦查与取证

为严厉打击计算机犯罪,有必要着力研究计算机犯罪的概念和特点,利用科学的手段确立计算机犯罪的形式,采取有力的措施进行侦查与取证。     

试论我国商标犯罪中的商标范围

对商标犯罪对象的甄选 ,反映了立法者的认识能力、立法时的犯罪态势以及立法者对社会利益的综合衡量。目前我国刑法中商标犯罪的犯罪对象均为注册商标 ,对未注册商标不予保护。在注册服务商标的保护方面 ,我国刑法仍然存在漏洞。借鉴WTO规则以及其他国家和地区的相关规定 ,结合我国商标犯罪的现状及发展趋势 ,进一步扩大商标犯罪之“商标”范围。但同时应注意刑事司法应当恪守罪刑法定原则 ,不能超越刑事立法任意扩大犯罪圈。     

当代刑法溯及力原则的考察--试对新刑法第12条理论重构

刑法的溯及力的出发点和归宿是人权保障 ,是相对罪刑法定精神的体现。肯定我国刑法从旧兼从轻的溯及力原则的基础上 ,引入外国立法例阐释溯及力与既判力的关系 ,进一步完善我国刑法溯及力的立法。     

"被害人自愿"与诈骗罪认定

行为人通过实施欺诈手段取得财产的行为不一定构成诈骗犯罪。诈骗犯罪中的欺诈手段和其他侵犯财产罪中实施的欺诈手段的根本区别是 :诈骗犯罪中的欺诈手段使被害人产生错误认识 ,其基于意志自由“自愿交付”财产。区分诈骗罪与盗窃、抢夺、抢劫、敲诈勒索等其他以实施欺诈手段侵犯财产的犯罪 ,必须从被害人在受到欺诈时的认识因素和意志因素两个方面来进行。     

再析侵占罪的几个问题

自新刑法颁布以来,刑法学界对侵占罪的相关问题一直有较大争议,司法实践中在认定侵占罪时标准也各不相同。     

非洲猪瘟的疫情分布和传播及其控制

概述了非洲猪瘟在世界范围内的分布、流行和控制情况.认为非洲猪瘟是猪的重大传染病,该病主要流行分布于非洲大陆,并逐步向欧洲、亚洲等世界其他国家蔓延.其传播方式以软蜱、野猪、污染物等媒介以直接和间接方式传播.该病缺乏有效的疫苗预防,有必要在病毒和易感宿主之间采用严格的生物安全措施防止非洲猪瘟疫情蔓延.     

A Comparison of Four Presumptive Tests for the Detection of Blood on Dark Materials

Detection of blood on dark materials is difficult for crime scene examiners so presumptive tests are used to assist. This study compared the ability of luminol, leuko crystal violet, tetramethylbenzidine, and Combur Test®E to detect whole, diluted blood (1:100) and a key‐shaped blood transfer stain (1:10), on dark cotton sheeting, tea towel, socks, synthetic carpet, and car mats. Powdered bleach was used to evaluate specificity of the blood detection tests. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall misclassification rate (OMR) assessed the quality of the blood tests. Luminol was the preferred test for diluted blood having the highest sensitivity (79%–96%), NPV (66%–93%), and the lowest OMR (3%–15%). Luminol was also found to be most efficient with a testing time on 25 items of 2 h 50 min compared with up to 8 h. Overall, luminol was the most effective method, also providing information on bloodstain patterns.     

Perceived threat of crime,authoritarianism, and the rise of a populist president in the Philippines

President Duterte of the Philippines implemented an open “war” on drugs based upon claims of an over-proliferation of illegal drugs in the country. Despite summary killings of suspected users and dealers, Duterte enjoys popular support among Filipinos. This paper assesses reasons behind the support using citizens’ perceptions of the severity of the drugs/crime problem, their punitiveness, and authoritarian attitudes as explanations. A sample of 114 Filipinos across Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao responded to an electronic survey about socio-legal issues. Results show that drugs/crime are perceived as serious problems nationally yet only minor problems locally. This perceived national seriousness is significantly related to support for Duterte. Trust in the law and enforcement agents, an authoritarian attitude, and region are also strongly related to support for Duterte. This paper concludes with reflections on information manipulation as means to advance political ends and the importance of context in furthering theories of authoritarian submission.     

Sympathy for the devil: state engagement with criminal organisations in furtherance of public policy

Governments have long relied on non-state actors to assist in the implementation of public policy. Legitimate elements of civil society have become familiar instruments of governance. States have also engaged criminal actors to this end. This article will note examples of state collaboration with criminal interests, from pirates turned privateers during the 17th and 18th centuries, to the patriotic hackers of today. It will discuss the strategic considerations giving rise to such engagements, the pitfalls that may beset them, and the ethical considerations that might inform the decision by a state to enlist the services of illicit organisations.     

Spatial analysis of violent crimes in Metro Manila,Philippines

Spatial patterns of murder and physical injury in Metro Manila, Philippines were visualised through conditional choropleth maps. Relationship of both crime rates with some demographic variables were investigated while accounting for possible spatial autocorrelation using spatial lag models. Results show that both crime rates tend to cluster in the northern cities of Metro Manila. Furthermore, significant spatial lag coefficients were found only for physical injury rates, with values ranging from 0.49 to 0.62, signifying a positive city-level spatial dependence of physical injury rates in Metro Manila. Moreover, some demographic covariates, such as population density, percentage of young males, education, marriage, and immigration were found to be associated with both crime rates. These results could serve as useful indicators of crime incidence; thus it is recommended that crime monitoring systems include them to aid in resource allocation and program planning for better crime prevention and security management.