新城疫疫苗毒与野毒的区别诊断及其多功能检测软件的开发

运用生物信息学软件对GenBank中收录的30株新城疫病毒(NDV)全基因组序列间的差异和它们对应的F基因片段22～420核苷酸序列间的差异进行了分析。发现这些差异高度相关(r=0.937),该片段可作为区分NDV野毒和疫苗毒的指纹序列。据此设计了1对扩增用简并引物(其中一条用于PCR产物的直接测序),建立了RT-PCR-测序技术,并测得2个参数:NDV标准疫苗指纹序列库和指纹序列的变异参数。在此基础上,开发出多功能自动分析软件,通过对该指纹序列的分析,不仅可以区分NDV疫苗毒和野毒,还能同步测定这些病毒的毒力和基因型。该技术对NDV标准毒株的测定结果与已知信息完全吻合,且只需3 d即可获得结果。对不同禽类(鹅、鸽、鸵鸟、鸡)中分离的NDV的测定结果表明,59%为残留的疫苗毒。     

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Methadone Treatment: A Direct or Mediated Relationship?

Women in substance use treatment report rates of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence that far exceed those reported by women in the general population. Previous research with nonrandom samples of women in substance use treatment suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence; however, little is known about the mechanisms of risk between these two public health concerns among this population of women. To address this gap in knowledge and to inform intervention strategies, this study examined direct and mediated relationships between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence risk among a random sample of 416 women in methadone treatment. In addition to high rates of childhood sexual abuse (57.9%), intimate partner violence (lifetime prevalence, 89.7%; 6-month prevalence, 78.4%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 28.6%), and global psychological distress (19.5%), findings suggest that the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence is mediated by mental health problems and that women experiencing PTSD or global psychological distress are 2.7 and 2.4 times more likely to experience intimate partner violence than women without such experiences, respectively. Although not a mediator in this relationship, financial independence reduced women's risk of partner violence by two-thirds. The paper includes discussion of social learning and stress and coping theories to explicate the findings and to inform intervention strategies. This study is based, in part, on the first author's dissertation. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Society for Social Work and Research Annual Conference held in January 2005 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The following grants provided funding for this study: R01DA11027 and 3T32MH014623-22S1.     

Technics over life: risk,ethics and the existential condition in high-tech antenatal care

The subject of this paper is the problem of selective abortion brought about by advanced techniques of foetal diagnosis. The issue of abortion today is analysed as an outcome and illustration of the emerging ‘vital politics’. The paper explores the technicality of this new form of bio-power, and the ethical practice and forms of subjectivity it imposes. Two main points are raised. First, it is argued that the implementation of state-of-the-art foetal diagnosis in clinical practice and maternity care is underlain by the rationales of control and experimentation. The ideas of risk and the dividual are introduced as the epistemic cornerstones of this practice of high-tech reproductive medicine according to the above rationales. Second, the paper argues that foetal diagnosis in antenatal care is characterised by an ethical split. This emerges when the machinery of reproductive health care withdraws into a position of technical responsibility and leaves the choice, and the ethical responsibility, concerning medical operations (selective abortion, in particular) to the pregnant woman. This suggests that high-tech biomedicine tends to individualise risks and to impose a form of ethical individuality characterised by the demand for reflexivity through personal risk assessment, producing the anxiety generated by existential responsibility.     

Evaluation of Agonal Cardiac Function for Sudden Cardiac Death in Forensic Medicine with Postmortem Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP: A Meta-analysis

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected death caused by a sudden loss of cardiac function, which is currently a global public health problem. Evaluation of the agonal cardiac function of the deceased is a quite important task for the diagnosis of SCD in forensic medicine. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are currently considered as significant biomarkers for the diagnosis of heart failure in both clinical and forensic practices. To investigate the postmortem evaluation roles of postmortem BNP and NT-proBNP levels for SCD, the present study meta-analyzed eight related studies from Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of the included literature, and the meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3.5 software. Postmortem NT-proBNP in pericardial fluid showed higher levels in the SCD group than that of the non-SCD group with the weighted mean difference = 3665.74, 95% confidence interval: 1812.89–5518.59, and p = 0.0001. However, postmortem levels of BNP in pericardial fluid and NT-proBNP in serum revealed no statistical difference between SCD and non-SCD subjects. The results of present meta-analysis demonstrated that postmortem NT-proBNP in the pericardial fluid could be used as an ancillary indicator for evaluation of agonal cardiac function in forensic medicine.     

人体带绦虫病诊断方法的研究进展

就目前用于人体带绦虫感染或寄生的常用临床诊断方法,如虫体形态学观察、粪便或肛门拭子涂片显微镜检查、循环抗体ELISA检测、粪抗原ELISA和粪DNA-PCR检测等及其优缺点进行了综述.指出,敏感性高且特异性强的粪抗原ELISA和粪DNA分子生物学检测是今后的发展方向和应重点研究的领域.     

犬瘟热病毒反转录环介导等温扩增诊断方法的建立

根据GenBank中犬瘟热病毒H基因保守序列设计合成了内(FIP,BIP)、外(F3,B3)2对引物,其中外引物扩增片段的大小为247 bp。通过对反应条件中内、外引物的比例、dNTP浓度、Mg2+浓度、反应温度和时间等条件逐一优化,成功建立了犬瘟热病毒的RT-LAMP检测方法。该方法在60℃下保温50 min即可完成,可检测至10-1TCID50的病毒,与常规RT-PCR检测方法相比灵敏度高100倍。对犬腺病毒、犬细小病毒、狂犬病病毒、犬冠状病毒、犬瘟热病毒同时检测,结果显示,本方法具有高度的特异性。     

VEGF在家兔缺血心肌中的表达及其死后稳定性研究

目的观察心肌中VEGF在死后一定时间的稳定性及表达的变化规律，评价其对死后诊断机体早期心肌缺血的作用。方法用冠状动脉结扎法建立家兔急性心肌缺血模型，应用SP法染色、图像分析和统计学处理系统，检测缺血心肌细胞内VEGF阳性表达面积和强度，并对VEGF在死后不同时间的稳定性进行比较。结果VEGF在缺血心肌组织中，见灶性或成片心肌细胞强阳性表达，部分细胞呈阴性或弱阳性表达，血管内皮及平滑肌细胞表达弱阳性，间质表达阴性；在4℃放置，随时间延长，缺血心肌组织VEGF阳性表达有减弱趋势，至10d时缺血心肌组织仍可见VEGF在少许心肌细胞胞浆内呈弱阳性表达。在4℃放置10d以内，缺血心肌和正常心肌标本之间VEGF阳性表达具有极显著性差异。结论VEGF能耐受一定程度自溶及腐败的影响，其免疫组化检测对于判断死后4℃放置10d以内的尸体是否出现过心肌缺血具有一定意义。     

The Diagnostic Frame in National Security Evaluations

In clinical and most forensic evaluations, “diagnosis” connotes the expectation of a DSM‐5 or ICD‐10 formally labeled mental condition. When the task is to evaluate the security risk a person's psychological makeup presents to an institution, such a molar diagnosis can blind the clinician and elevate the risk to a security agency. When “diagnosis” connotes achieving an understanding of a person's behavior that has raised security concerns, then a different conceptualization of the diagnostic process is required. Unlike the clinical situation, the evaluation is not being performed to benefit the person but for the purpose of assessing risk to an agency. The differences this introduces involve every aspect of the evaluation and changes the type of diagnosis expected. Not appreciating these differences can cause the clinician to fail in the task of assessing psychological tendencies that affect national security.     

应用新城疫病毒强弱毒株RT-PCR鉴别诊断技术检测多种禽类副黏病毒

应用已建立的新城疫病毒 (NDV)强、弱毒株RT PCR快速鉴别诊断技术 ,对来自广西各地疑为禽副黏病毒血清 1型 (APMV 1)感染的 14 4份不同禽类的病料进行了检测 ,并用常规方法对RT PCR检测为阳性的部分病料进行了病毒的分离和鉴定。结果 ,从鸡、鸽、鹅、鸭、鹌鹑、珍珠鸡、孔雀、鸵鸟和画眉鸟 9种禽的病料样品中检测到APMV 1,阳性检出率为 6 4.5 8% (93/ 14 4 ) ;从 7种禽病料中分离到 2 9株APMV 1地方野毒株。部分分离株用NDV强、弱毒株快速鉴别技术鉴定属中、强毒株。     

Procedural justice and the judge–probationer relationship in a co-occurring disorders court

Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted on treatment-based courts, there is little quantitative evidence that describes the relationship between the judge and the probationer. The present study examines perceptions of the judge–probationer relationship (JPR), procedural justice, and outcome satisfaction within a co-occurring disorders court (CODC) in Orange County, California. Based on interview and survey data from a sample of probationers within the CODC (n = 24), this article argues that perceptions of procedural justice are linked to perceptions of relationship quality between the judge and probationer. Analysis of the data found that probationers in the CODC have very positive views of their relationships with the judge, and elements of relationship quality are significantly linked with perceptions of procedural justice. Procedural justice is also a predictor of satisfaction with outcome in this sample. The results show promise that procedural justice and the quality of the judge–probationer relationship can positively affect probationers with co-occurring disorders in specialty courts.