Suicidal Smothering by Rubber Latex Gloves and Handkerchief

Asphyxial deaths are common in forensic practice, being sustained by a variety of mechanisms that cause an oxygen deficiency to the brain. Several classification models have been proposed in the literature, the most recent one being that of the International Network for Forensic Research Group (INFOR). This report describes an unusual case of suffocation where the obstruction of the airways was caused by a gag formed of three latex gloves and a handkerchief. The manner of death (differential diagnosis between homicide and suicide) and the different alternatives of classification are discussed.     

Forensic Pathologist Consensus in the Interpretation of Photographs of Patterned Injuries of the Skin

Forensic pathologists are commonly asked to evaluate injuries on the basis of photographs. Members of the National Association of Medical Examiners were asked to participate in an online survey in which they were presented with 68 patterned injuries of the skin and asked to make a diagnosis ranging from very general (e.g., “blunt” vs. “sharp”) to specific (e.g., “baton blow”). This was not the case. Consensus for general diagnosis averaged 0.77 and 0.72 for specific diagnosis. While there was a strong correlation between consensus and confidence in aggregate, individual correlations were poor. Consensus diagnosis was inversely correlated with age, and positively correlated with jurisdictional size, medical degree, and whether or not the respondent was actively performing autopsies as a job function. A subsequent survey is exploring possible reasons for lack of consensus in low‐consensus questions. The high correlation between confidence and consensus at the aggregate level and low correlation at the individual level may have implications for quality assurance protocols.     

一个不可忽视的"斯芬克斯之谜"——邓正来先生前提性判准的文化缺位

时代诊断是理论建构的前提.一个时代、四重结构既是邓先生对当下中国时代病症的诊断,也是其对中国法学进行总体批判的前提性判准.但这一前提是不周延的;无论是主流法学,还是邓先生都忽视了特权文化结构的存在,该结构经由社会关系和社会结构的自我再生产机制而不断得到强化,使得国人欠缺规则意识和平等观念;这种文化结构与中国结构紧密勾连,对中国法学的批判和重建而言不能小视.     

Postmortem Diagnosis of Fatal Hypothermia by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Edema Fluid in Formalin-Fixed,Paraffin-Embedded Lung Tissues

The goal of this study was to investigate whether pulmonary edema could become a specific diagnostic marker for fatal hypothermia using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics. The spectral profile analysis indicated that hypothermia fatalities associated with pulmonary edema fluid contained more β-sheet protein conformational structures than the control causes of death, which included sudden cardiac death, brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, mechanical asphyxiation, intoxication, and drowning. Subsequently, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that the content of β-sheet protein conformational structures in the pulmonary edema fluid was the main discriminatory marker between fatal hypothermia and the other causes of death. Ultimately, a robust postmortem diagnostic model for fatal hypothermia using a partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm was constructed. Pulmonary edema fluid spectra collected from eight new forensic autopsy cases that did not participate in the construction of the diagnostic model were predicted using the model. The results showed the causes of death of all these eight cases were correctly classified. In conclusion, this preliminary study demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics could be a promising approach for the postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia.     

关于培养大学生个体悟性的再思考

悟性是时代之热门话语,在现实社会生活中的作用越来越明显,对于意气风发的大学生更是如此。大学生个体悟性之高低和优劣,是制约其成才和可持续发展的重要因素之一,必须引起高度重视。     

Associations between ward climate and patient characteristics in a secure forensic mental health service

Ward climate is associated with patient satisfaction and, potentially, with improved outcomes but increased understanding of its relationship with individual patient characteristics is required. We investigated relationships between patient (N?=?63) gender, perceived risk, risk behaviour, therapeutic engagement (session attendance), psychopathology and ward climate in a forensic psychiatric hospital. Lower security levels were significantly associated with better patient cohesion (PC), experienced safety (ES) and therapeutic hold (TH). Female gender predicted PC and ES. Higher perceived risk was associated with lower PC after controlling for security level and gender. Diagnosis of personality disorder or psychosis was associated with higher ES. Lower levels of engagement predicted greater TH. The relationship between patient characteristics and ward climate in forensic settings is complex. Prospective studies are needed to further establish determinants of ward climate, particularly those aspects of patient risk that are associated with poorer PC.     

猪瘟病毒野毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株复合实时荧光定量RT-PCR鉴别方法的建立

根据GenBank中的猪瘟病毒强毒和弱毒株基因组序列设计了1对针对猪瘟病毒的通用引物和2条分别针对猪瘟病毒强毒和猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株的特异性TaqMan水解探针,建立了一种能区分猪瘟病毒强毒和兔化弱毒疫苗株的复合实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法能将我国大陆流行的不同基因亚群的猪瘟病毒强毒株与猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株完全区分开来,而不与其他猪源病毒发生非特异反应,分别可检测到初始模板中41.8和81.5个拷贝的病毒RNA,与已建立的复合RT-套式PCR的敏感性相近,两种方法对152份样品检测的符合率达96.9%~100%。通过对8份猪瘟兔化细胞疫苗效价的检测,证实本方法与兔体反应热测定法有一定的相关性,可用于猪瘟病毒强毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗的定量和鉴别检测。     

小反刍兽疫的研究进展

概述了小反刍兽疫的易感动物、临床症状及病原的理化特征和基因组结构,重点阐述了病毒6种结构蛋白的大小和组成、小反刍兽疫病毒的分离培养、血清学及分子生物学诊断技术,并对其传统疫苗以及新型基因工程疫苗的研制进行了详细论述,以为该病的流行病学研究、诊断和免疫防制提供参考。     

22例旅途精神病司法鉴定分析

对22例旅途精神病的司法鉴定资料进行分析．结果显示：全部为凶杀伤害案例，男性20例，女性2例，平均年龄31±9岁，农民打工者占 72．7％．均因幻觉、妄想的直接影响或意识障碍作案，缺乏预谋和自我保护能力，攻击的对象多为陌生的旅客及路人，全部评定为无责任能力．提示本病多出现凶杀行为，并具有突发性、冲动性，对社会治安危害极大．并对本病的临床特点及诊断归属也作了讨论．     

计算机网络故障的诊断与排除

随着计算机网络应用的不断普及，网络建设已经深入到政府、教育、企业等各个领域，这些领域对网络的依赖性已经越来越强。因此，对网络故障的分析诊断与排除变的日益重要。随着网络的演变与发展，提供优良的网络服务所面临的挑战也在增多。在当今数据通信和网络世界中，复杂的不同种类的网络环境经常使网络问题更加复杂化，各种各样的网络故障随之而来。所以，我们有必要对这方面的问题加以探讨。