针刺干预无先兆偏头痛患者的弥散张量成像研究

目的 通过弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）技术和纤维束自动定量分析（automated fiber quantification,AFQ）方法探讨无先兆偏头痛患者在针刺干预前后脑白质纤维的变化。方法 纳入无先兆偏头痛患者20例和健康受试者10例,无先兆偏头痛患者进行每周3次、连续4周的针刺干预,干预前后分别进行DTI和T1像扫描,健康受试者不针刺,仅进行1次核磁扫描。比较无先兆偏头痛患者针刺前后以及无先兆偏头痛患者和健康受试者基于AFQ方法的各向异性分数（fractional anisotropy,FA）值。结果 与健康受试者比较,无先兆偏头痛患者右皮质脊髓束、右上纵束部分节点FA值显著减弱（P＜0.05）;与针刺前比较,无先兆偏头痛患者头痛天数及头痛程度显著下降（P＜0.05）,头痛频率下降不显著,无先兆偏头痛患者右皮质脊髓束、右上纵束、左扣带回部分节点FA值显著增强（P＜0.05）。结论 无先兆偏头痛患者存在广泛白质纤维束受损,针刺能促进受损的脑白质纤维恢复。     

磁敏感加权成像在出血性弥散性轴索损伤鉴定中的应用

目的探讨磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)在出血性弥散性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法对20例DAI的法医学鉴定资料进行回顾性分析,对其T1WI、T2WI、扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)、液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)、磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)序列影像资料进行统计分析。结果 DAI出血灶多位于脑组织表浅区,SWI对出血性DAI的检出率最高,与其他序列成像之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 SWI在DAI法医学鉴定中具有重要的意义。     

防止茚三酮溶液扩散纸张字迹的研究

目的 解决茚三酮溶液在显现手印同时对纸张上字迹产生扩散作的问题;方法 分别采用茚三酮丙酮溶液,茚三酮氟利昂溶液,茚三酮石油谜溶液,茚三酮庚烷溶液作比较。结果 钢笔字迹用4种溶液均不易扩散;纸张上其它成份字迹用后两种方法显现手印时可有效保存纸张上文字原貌。     

“三治结合”何以得到全国性推广?——基于政策创新扩散的视角

在政策生成及演进过程中,政策创新扩散的持续性是关键问题,考察其引致机制、创新动力、扩散过程等议题,对理解中国政策过程有着重要作用。以浙江桐乡“三治结合”基层治理模式为例,基于政策创新扩散主体、客体与扩散路径的系统性分析框架,剖析“三治结合”创新与扩散的机制,研究发现:“三治结合”之所以能够持续创新与扩散,得益于政治上“合法性”,即“三治”自身具有政治渊源、法律依据、现实基础等符合中国情景的属性;除此之外,也离不开政策企业家、政策属性、府际关系等“技术性”变量。基于此,着重关注“三治结合”创新扩散的技术路线,认为政策企业家的专业素质、创新意识为其提供重要动力与保障;政策属性高兼容性、低成本性,影响政策扩散的规模与范围;中央政府纵向政策吸纳与同级政府横向考察学习对其全国性推广起着关键性作用。     

THEMIS紫外光谱成像仪的放大率估计及其图像的长宽比校正

目的 校正THEMIS紫外光谱成像仪图像的长宽比并估计系统放大率参数.方法 制作测试图片,用紫外光谱成像仪拍摄紫外光谱影像集,由图像和测试图片的差异分析出成像缺陷和放大率参数.结果 通过Photoshop测量像素值的方法测量出图像的长宽比差异,并用MATLAB算法校正,同时得出紫外光谱成像仪的放大倍率β.结论 校正后紫外光谱图像恢复了原始比例,且系统放大率β可以在恢复痕迹原始大小时发挥作用,由此获得准确的紫外光谱图像供后续光谱分析检验和研究.     

Evaluation of Four Fingerprint Development Methods for Touch Chemistry Using Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry,

Four preparation techniques for MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry were compared to determine the ability to gather intelligence for investigations through the chemical analysis of latent fingerprints, defined as “touch chemistry.” Compatible fingerprint development processes used for identification along with new techniques are necessary to evaluate touch chemistry. Ten volunteers deposited fingerprints from solvent residues containing drugs and explosives onto microscope slides. The developers included (A) fingerprint powder, (B) MALDI matrix, (C) fingerprint powder and lifting, and (D) cyanoacrylate fuming with fingerprint powder. Qualitative identification was based on ion images and spectra. The highest average detection rates (88%) were found using methods A and B. Methods C (52%) or D (18%) had limited success. Results demonstrate the importance of imaging coupled to extracted mass spectral data in detecting analytes in deposited fingerprints. Overall, the results suggest continued development of touch chemistry applications could prove useful for gathering intelligence and forensically relevant information.     

北京平原区推广使用超高烟囱初步研究

针对北京平原区低空近地层大气污染状况,结合低空逆温层生消规律和烟气排放情况,探讨推广使用超高烟囱的必要性、紧迫性和可行性。     

Visualization of latent fingerprints using fluorescence lifetime imaging on paper emitting strong fluorescence

Latent fingerprints were successfully visualized using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) on paper which emits strong fluorescence with a lifetime close to that of fingerprints and thus from which it is difficult for time-resolved spectroscopy to visualize fingerprints. Latent fingerprint samples on paper were excited using a 450 nm or 532 nm nanosecond pulsed-laser, and time-resolved fluorescence images were obtained at a delay time of 6–16 ns in intervals of 1 ns, to the excitation pulse. The excitation beam was expanded using a lens, and the fluorescence from the fingerprints was captured using an intensified CCD camera. Because of the large fluorescence intensity of the background paper of approximately two to four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint, the fingerprint was not visualized on each fluorescence image by time-resolved spectroscopy. However, the fingerprint was visualized in a FLIM image constructed using a series of the fluorescence images for the case with the fluorescence intensity of the background paper being four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint. The difference in fluorescence lifetime in the FLIM image of the visualized fingerprint and background paper was in the order of 0.1 ns, which was an order of magnitude smaller than the inherent fluorescence lifetime of a few nanoseconds for the fingerprints and paper. It was demonstrated that, at a background fluorescence intensity with a certain order of magnitude larger than that of fingerprints, FLIM has the potential to visualize latent fingerprints which cannot be visualized by time-resolved spectroscopy.     

Infrared Imaging of the Crime Scene: Possibilities and Pitfalls

All objects radiate infrared energy invisible to the human eye, which can be imaged by infrared cameras, visualizing differences in temperature and/or emissivity of objects. Infrared imaging is an emerging technique for forensic investigators. The rapid, nondestructive, and noncontact features of infrared imaging indicate its suitability for many forensic applications, ranging from the estimation of time of death to the detection of blood stains on dark backgrounds. This paper provides an overview of the principles and instrumentation involved in infrared imaging. Difficulties concerning the image interpretation due to different radiation sources and different emissivity values within a scene are addressed. Finally, reported forensic applications are reviewed and supported by practical illustrations. When introduced in forensic casework, infrared imaging can help investigators to detect, to visualize, and to identify useful evidence nondestructively.     

Local Government Policy Diffusion in a Decentralised System: Childbirth Support Policy in South Korea

South Korean local governments have recently adopted pronatalist policies to cope with the pressing problem of low and declining fertility, despite this central coordination by the national government has been limited in this policy domain. This study attempts to explain the process by which childbirth support policies have spread among localities over time by addressing two questions: whether interjurisdictional and internal factors of policy diffusion have been at work; and how vertical and horizontal diffusion mechanisms have interactively affected local policy adoptions in the developing country. Empirical findings show that horizontal and vertical mechanisms of diffusion considerably outperform intrajurisdictional factors in spreading childbirth support policies among localities. Furthermore, the vertical influence from the central government has a positive conditional effect that stimulates horizontal interactions among local governments for policy formulation. These findings thus suggest that horizontal interactions among localities can provide an important route for the nationalisation of a domestic social policy in the nascent decentralised system.