警察临战活动的经济学解读

经济学的逻辑前提是经济人假设,强调将人们的各种行为因素纳入成本—收益核算模式之中。运用成本—收益分析方法,可以为警察机关的临战活动提供有益的参考。将成本—收益理论应用于警察临战实践,在于为警察临战活动提供一个良好的评判标准,而且用效益所体现和蕴含的理性价值可以透视现实警察临战机制的某些缺陷、警察临战理论研究的滞后。对警察临战活动进行经济学解读,目的就在于要以效益观为指导,以警察临战资源的优化配置为基础,结合警察临战活动成本投入的现状提出改进措施。     

A Qualitative Study Exploring Mothers’ Perceptions of Child Neglect

This research explores the experiences and perceptions of mothers receiving services for child neglect. Incidents of child neglect are reaching alarming rates in the United States, now representing 78% of all child maltreatment reports. Although risks factors associated with child neglect are well known, there continues to be uncertainty about how to proceed in assessing and intervening with families. The epistemological stance of constructivism and the theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism guided the qualitative methods of this research. Four overarching themes emerged focused on daily struggles, protecting my child, feeling trapped, and mutual trust. Implications for practice are discussed.     

基于数学逻辑课程的智能教学系统

智能教学系统是目前计算机应用探索和发展的领域。文章主要探究了基于数字逻辑课程的智能教学系统模型的实施、规则和要求;探究了如何利用数字逻辑课程的智能教学系统提供最佳的教学手段和教学方法的策略,以及如何利用基于数字逻辑课程的智能教学系统的智能工具,对数字逻辑课程进行教学,以达到进一步提高教学质量和教学水平的目的。     

病毒受体及其研究进展

介绍了病毒受体的基本生物学特性,重点阐述了噬菌体展示、免疫共沉淀及酵母双杂交等病毒受体研究方法,综述了几种重要动物病毒细胞膜受体的研究进展,并对病毒受体研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

司法意识形态:能动与克制的反思

能动司法在中国有多种意义,但其基本的含义是超于法律和职权进行司法活动。能动司法因与法治的基本要求不吻合因而不宜作为司法理念,只能作为法律方法层面灵活处理案件的姿态。能动司法不可避免,但对其不能放任,而应该约束。最近提出的能动司法得到了很多赞赏,接受程度很高,这是有历史原因的,当然也是值得警惕的。在依法治国建设社会主义法治国的进程中,能动司法会不会冲击这一方略是我们必须研究的。我国的法治建设刚刚起步,经不起能动司法的折腾。     

刑法学研究方法分类研究

探索刑法学研究方法的外延与分类,一方面要摒弃各种方法之间相互指责的偏见,以包容的态度有根据地将各种有助于刑法学科研究的方法吸纳进来,另一方面要理性地排除其他人文科学与自然科学对方法的干扰,划清学科与方法的界限,以刑法学的研究对象为基本标准对研究方法作广义、狭义双层次的分类,使方法各归其位,从而将各种方法从零星的罗列上升为周延的体系,从周延的体系上升为刑法学方法论。     

国际经济法教学的再思考

<国际经济法>在法学教育、司法考试中占有重要地位.笔者根据自身的国际经济法教学经历及感受,结合法学教育培养目标,提出国际经济法教学中应明晰思路,构建国际经济法体系框架;扬长避短,灵活运用多种教学方法;与时俱进,采取多种教学手段;追求正义,兼顾学科教育和素质教育.     

The toxicological challenges in the European research project DRUID

Within the epidemiological studies of the integrated European research project DRUID (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, alcohol and medicines), 13 laboratories from across Europe will analyse whole blood, oral fluid (OF) or urine from the general driving population and injured drivers. To ensure the comparability of toxicological results from the different studies, the collection of samples, analytical methods, target analytes and analytical cut-offs have been standardized for all laboratories involved.Target analytes were selected based on suspected impairing effects and prevalence. Twenty-three drugs are included in the ‘core list’ for which analysis is mandatory: ethanol, amphetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA, methamphetamine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, THC, THC-COOH, 6-acetylmorphine, diazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, oxazepam, nordiazepam, zolpidem, zopiclone, lorazepam, morphine, codeine and methadone. Additionally, 28 other drugs will be analysed in 1–12 countries.All whole blood samples are collected in glass Vacutainer-type tubes containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate. Based on a comparative study of 10 collection devices, it was decided to collect oral fluid using the Statsure™ device. Since only a small sample volume is available (5–10 mL blood and 1 mL oral fluid), all laboratories have to develop methods for simultaneous detection of the target analytes. All laboratories agreed to use either LC–MS–MS or GC–MS in SIM-mode. Proficiency testing for both blood and oral fluid are organized.Analytical cut-offs were established for the core list based on those used in ROSITA-2, SAMHSA cut-off values for oral fluid and recommendations from an expert meeting in Talloires.Because of practical and legal considerations, different sample types are used: whole blood, serum/plasma and oral fluid. Literature on correlation between analyte concentrations in these body fluids is limited, which makes several comparisons of study results difficult: (1) comparison of epidemiological (blood, oral fluid and urine) and experimental studies (serum and plasma) performed in DRUID and (2) comparisons within the epidemiological studies themselves (most countries: oral fluid in road-side survey, blood in hospital studies).A combination of literature findings, new findings from DRUID and semi-quantitative results will likely have to be used to solve these problems.     

基于数码相机黑白模式的分色照相探讨

利用数码相机进行分色照相,是数码照相机用于现场照相后所带来的新问题。能否直接在拍照中进行分色,而不是拍照后用图像处理软件进行分色,对于保持照片效果的原始性具有一定的意义。     

高职院校大学语文学科定位及教学方法的思考

大学语文"遭遇尴尬"已是高职语文教育中的一个不争的事实,其成因有很多方面。为了改变这种尴尬状况,长期以来,全国各高校都在进行探索。然而,众多的探索多是从普通高校视角进行的,不尽符合高等职业院校的实际,高等职业院校的大学语文课要想彻底摆脱尴尬境遇,必须从自己的教育层次、培养目标及教育对象的实际出发确定其学科定位。