A型塞内卡病毒VP2蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立一种检测塞内卡病毒VP2蛋白的间接ELISA方法,本试验将A型塞内卡病毒(SVA)VP2蛋白作为抗原包被酶标板,采用棋盘式方法优化反应的最佳血清稀释度和抗原包被量,同时对间接ELISA方法的其他反应条件进行了筛选。结果显示,VP2蛋白包被量为2μg/m L(1∶1000稀释);用2%BSA封闭液稀释标准阳性血清为1∶20;二抗做1∶5000稀释;TMB底物显色液室温避光显色反应10 min。特异性试验结果显示,同FMDV、PRRSV、CSFV、PRV和APP阳性血清均无交叉反应。此方法对塞内卡病毒阳性血清的敏感性为1∶160。批间、批内重复性试验结果的变异系数均小于10%。对200份猪血清样本分别进行间接荧光抗体免疫方法和间接ELISA方法的检测,结果符合率为95.5%。上述结果表明,该方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性,可用于塞内卡病毒血清抗体检测和流行病学调查。     

Sources of Power in Public Negotiations: A Framework Applied to Public-Public and Public-Private Negotiations

The negotiation literature has extensively examined the topic of power and how it can be wielded. Numerous frameworks have been created and utilized in the various treatises on negotiations; analyzing the power differential in any given situation is a common teaching technique. However, despite this focus on the topic, discussions of power have been mainly focused on negotiations in the private sector. As a result, many of the most common frameworks are oriented toward this type of situation, resulting in a clumsy application to a public-sector negotiation. Given the growing importance of negotiations to public-sector leaders, we provide a new structure for analyzing power that can be utilized in such situations. For a municipal leader confronted with a complex public-private partnership, it is important to have the right tools to use when examining the power dynamics at play. After examining several current models of power, as well as other writings on the topic in negotiation and strategy literature, we present a new model. This model divides power into different categories based on whether it stems from formal or informal mechanisms, and then offers several specific forms relevant to the public sector. We then use this new model to examine a case study involving the new mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire and her efforts to negotiate a better response to the opioid and homelessness crisis. This case study illustrates the unique nature of public sector negotiations and provides a roadmap for negotiators looking to use our new framework.     

Corporate power in Australian policy making: The case of unfair contract laws

There is increasing concern about the impact of corporate power on Australian policy making. This article examines the dynamics of corporate influence by examining the battle between big business and small business over “unfair contract” laws. It explores whether big business exerted disproportionate power, and if it did whether it was structural, ideational, or instrumental power. It finds that while recent scholarship has been focused on structural and ideational sources of power, there is strong evidence of a narrowly conceived instrumental power exerting considerable influence within both of the major parties. Further, it concludes this form of instrumental power presents the most serious threat to democratic policy making.     

Minilateral security's relevance to US strategy in the Indo-Pacific: challenges and prospects

The Indo-Pacific region's security landscape is unfolding in highly uncertain and potentially explosive ways. The postwar American-led network of bilateral alliances – underpinned by concrete guarantees of extended deterrence and containment – is now yielding to a more diverse set of alignments and coalitions to manage an increasingly complex array of regional security issues. Multilateralism and minilateralism have emerged as two increasingly prominent forms of such cooperation. Minilateralism's informality and flexibility appeals to those who are sceptical about multilateralism's traditional focus on norm adherence and community-building even as great power competition in the Indo-Pacific is sharply intensifying. However, minilateralism's track record in the region is underdeveloped. The potential for this policy approach to be applied by the United States and its regional security partners as an enduring and credible means of diplomatic and security collaboration in the region will remain unfulfilled as long as the Trump administration's own geopolitical orientation remains uncertain.     

东亚文化圈的形成、衰退与重建——以汉字的地位变迁为视角

东亚文化圈立根于魏晋,形成于隋唐,衰落于近代。在20世纪90年代后,又呈现出复兴之势。它是多元文化的结晶,主要包括汉字、儒学、律令和汉传佛教四个要素。汉字作为其他三个要素的传播承载工具,在文化圈形成发展中起了不可替代的作用。汉字在文化圈中的地位变迁见证了文化圈从形成发展、衰退削弱到复兴重建的过程。东亚文化圈的复兴重建,有利于中国文化"软实力"的增强,为当今中国与日韩等国的合作种植了文化根基,为东北亚区域合作构建了文化平台。     

Rapid direct PCR for ABO blood typing

Many different molecular typing methods have been reported to complement routine serological ABO blood typing in forensics. However, these ABO genotyping methods are often time-consuming and call for an initial DNA isolation step that requires the use of expensive kits or reagents. We report here a rapid direct ABO genotyping method that eliminates the need for DNA extraction from fresh blood, hair, and body fluid stains before PCR. Using a fast PCR instrument and an optimized polymerase, the genotyping method-which employs a multiplex allele-specific primer set for the simultaneous detection of three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (nucleotides 261, 526, and 803)-identifies A, B, O01/O02, O03, and cis-AB01 alleles in around 70 min from sample collection to electropherogram. Not only will this ABO genotyping method be efficiently used in forensic practice for rapid screening of samples before full-blown multilocus short tandem repeat profiling, but it will also demonstrate an example of rapid direct genotyping of SNPs that offers the advantages of time- and cost-efficiency, convenience, and reduced contamination during DNA analysis.     

鼓声与民意——以登闻鼓制度为例的解读

登闻鼓是传统法直讼制度重要的部分,其历史悠久,反映着中华法系的特征,也是中华法系性格的外显。作为一种特殊的直诉制度,登闻鼓制度反映着民间意愿,是民间伸冤的通道。登闻鼓制度为传统司法提供了补救的机制,也是司法救济的重要途径。登闻鼓制度反映出的中国法律文化价值和理念,对于中国特色社会主义法律体系具有积极意义。     

中俄经济转型初期经济政治目标关系对比分析

任何一场改革都要牵涉到政治和经济等重大领域。在经济转型初期,中国和俄罗斯在处理经济目标和政治目标的关系上表现出明显的不同。俄罗斯以政治目标为主要目标,经济目标的实现为政治目标服务。中国在经济和政治领域同时进行改革,偏重经济目标的实现,从而推动政治改革进程。不同政治权力的这种安排取决于目标内容的差异。正确认识这种差异不仅有利于我们处理好"经济建设为中心"与"以人为本"、可持续发展的关系,处理好理论创新、制度创新与四项基本原则的关系,还有利于认识不同国家民主化与市场化的次序安排,坚定社会主义的信念。     

金砖四国金融服务贸易国际竞争力研究

近年来,国际服务贸易发展迅猛,日益成为衡量一个国家竞争力的重要指标。随着金融市场的逐步开放,中国、印度、俄罗斯和巴西被称为金砖四国的金融服务贸易得到快速发展。但在对金砖四国金融服务贸易指标的比较中我们发现,中国的金融服务贸易不仅远远落后于世界平均水平,在金砖四国内部比较中也处于劣势地位。针对我国金融服务贸易现阶段的情况,我们要加快实施"走出去"战略,提升营销能力,加强金砖四国在金融领域的合作,完善金融体制,改变增长方式,学习香港经验,增强资源整合优势,进一步拓展金融服务外包市场,加强对金融服务贸易人才的培养和引进等措施来提高中国金融服务贸易的国际竞争力。     

论其他承担行政任务的组织

在现代西方国家,在传统的行政机关之外存在其他承担行政任务的组织,如公法人或公共机构甚至私法组织。在中国,有一些非行政机关或行政机构的事业单位和社会团体,由法律、法规授权或由行政机关委托,也承担一定的管理职能。对行政机关以外的其他承担行政任务的组织进行比较和分析,具有重要意义。