中国汉族6～18周岁人群下颌恒牙钙化的性别差异研究

目的通过对中国汉族男女6～18周岁人群全口曲面断层影像上所显示的下颌左侧牙齿钙化程度进行比较研究,探究牙齿生长发育的性别差异,为建立用牙齿推断中国汉族儿童及青少年年龄的线性回归模型提供理论依据。方法通过对13491张(男6568张,女6923张)中国汉族6～18周岁儿童及青少年全口曲面断层影像的牙齿钙化规律进行研究,建立牙齿钙化的分级标准,并对下颌恒牙进行分级评分;数据用SPSS 13.0软件处理。结果非参数检验结果显示大部分年龄组下颌左侧8颗恒牙钙化分级值性别间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在8颗恒牙发育程度同等条件下,女性年龄比男性小0.303岁。结论中国汉族6～18周岁人群牙齿发育存在着性别差异;在利用牙齿钙化程度建立推断中国汉族儿童及青少年年龄的方程模型时,应分性别建模。     

＂With faces hidden while the walls were tightening＂： Applying international human rights standards to forensic psychology

This paper considers the relationship between forensic psychology and international human rights standards （and about the relationship between mental disability law and such standards in general）, especially in the contexts of the sorts of cases in which forensic psychologists are involved, the special issues in the context of nations with developing economies, and the relevance of international mental health norms. I conclude by focusing on the use of therapeutic jurisprudence as an interpretive tool, and offering suggestions as to how the practice of forensic psychologists can and should best incorporate international human rights standards and principles in their work.     

颅脑外伤致运动和感觉障碍的评残时机

目的研究颅脑外伤致运动、感觉障碍相对合理准确的最佳鉴定时机。方法分别收集108例交通事故颅脑外伤患者伤后不同时间段（3、6、9、12、15、18月）的病史、影像学及电生理检查资料,并对患者家属进行随访调查,进行法医学检验,据此做出诊断并进行伤残等级评定;同时分别应用脑卒中残损评价表（Stroke Impairment Assessment Set,SIAS）、日常生活能力量表（Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL）和Fugl-Meyer评定表（Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA）对患者进行测验。结果SIAS、ADL、FMA对不同等级伤残及不同时间段区分良好,整体样本显示患者SIAS、ADL、FMA平均值9月至18月变化无差别,轻度伤残SIAS、ADL、FMA平均值6月至18月变化无差别,中度伤残SIAS、ADL、FMA平均值9月至18月变化无差别,重度伤残SIAS、ADL、FMA平均值12月至18月变化无差别。结论颅脑外伤所致运动、感觉障碍评残时机应在医疗终结以后,轻度伤残（7～10级）最佳评残时机为颅脑外伤后6个月,中度伤残（4～6级）评残时机以颅脑外伤后9个月为宜,重度伤残（1～3级）评残时机不应短于伤后12个月,视具体情况可以适当延后评残。     

道路交通事故眼损伤伤残评定的标准化和规范化

GB18667-2002《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准（以下简称“标准”）中有关眼损伤的条款较为原则和笼统。随着“标准”的广泛应用,加之法医学和临床眼科学技术的不断进步,对眼损伤后遗症的检验技术和认识水平已有较大的提高。建议采用视力表投影仪代替国际视力表进行行为视力检查,存在屈光不正的应了解屈光度后再检查其矫正视力;疑有伪盲或伪装视力降低时,可行伪盲试验或伪装视力降低的检验,视觉电生理技术是测试伪盲或伪装视力降低的有效方法。运用电脑视野计可进行视野检查,动态视野检查结果可通过视野有效值换算为残存视野半径（或直径）;视野检查存在一定的干扰因素,分析时应密切结合原发损伤及其他检查结果。对于遗留复视等双眼视障碍的,可采用同视机等检查方法,检验结果应考察功能障碍与眼肌等原发性损伤的符合性。泪器损伤后遗留溢泪症状的,应采用相应的检查方法证实泪道狭窄或梗阻。眼睑下垂及眼睑畸形分为轻度及重度;眼睑畸形包括闭合不全、眼睑缺损及眼睑外翻等情形。影响视力的外伤性白内障符合“标准”相关条款的规定。根据现行“标准”对道路交通事故所致眼损伤进行伤残评定,应进行视觉功能检测、眼球结构检查、伪盲试验及视觉电生理检测,最后综合病史材料及既往情况综合分析,得出评定结果。统一对现行“标准”的理解,规范检测手段和结果评价原则,有助于道路交通事故眼损伤伤残评定的标准化和规范化。     

PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND THEIR SEXUAL,REPRODUCTIVE, AND PARENTING RIGHTS: AN INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Despite important gains in human rights, persons with disabilities — and in particular women and girls with disabilities — continue to experience significant inequalities in the areas of sexual, reproductive, and parenting rights. Persons with disabilities are sterilized at alarming rates; have decreased access to reproductive health care services and information; and experience denial of parenthood. Precipitating these inequities are substantial and instantiated stereotypes of persons with disabilities as either asexual or unable to engage in sexual or reproductive activities, and as incapable of performing parental duties. The article begins with an overview of sexual, reproductive, and parenting rights regarding persons with disabilities. Because most formal adjudications of these related rights have centered on the issue of sterilization, the article analyzes commonly presented rationales used to justify these procedures over time and across jurisdictions. Next, the article examines the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the attendant obligations of States Parties regarding rights to personal integrity, access to reproductive health care services and information, parenting, and the exercise of legal capacity. Finally, the article highlights fundamental and complex issues requiring future research and consideration.     

民族地区高校研究生教育的思考

在民族地区实现教育现代化的过程中,高校教师的专业能力、工作态度和职业道德是非常重要的。在此,对改进高校教师的学位教育,逐步提高民族地区大学教师的学历和学位结构,以及民族地区硕士研究生专业课程学时数不足等进行了讨论,提出有利于实现教育现代化的相关建议。     

Traumatic brain injury in a forensic intellectual disability population

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening in forensic populations has been recommended, due to a high prevalence, links to specific offence profiles and poorer outcomes, such as higher rates of psychiatric disturbance, longer stays in prison, and reoffending. Research focusing on TBI among offenders with intellectual disability (ID) is lacking. This study therefore describes the implementation of TBI screening using the Brain Injury Screening Index (BISI©), TBI prevalence and correlates in a forensic ID service. TBI appeared under recorded in case notes, with considerably more patients self-reporting TBI. Reported causes of TBI differed somewhat to the general population, including childhood physical abuse, self-harming behaviour, and assault. Approximately one-third of injuries did not receive any treatment. Though further adaptations may be required on current screening measures for TBI in offenders with ID, screening can provide valuable information, contributing positively to individual patient therapeutic and risk formulations.     

Intersectional Disadvantage: Exploring Differences Between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Parents with Intellectual Disability in the New South Wales Child Protection System

Background: Parents with intellectual disability and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents are overrepresented in child removal but research has not explored the intersection of Aboriginality and intellectual disability in child protection.

Methods: A case file review of 45 parents with intellectual disability (n = 14 Aboriginal and n = 31 non-Aboriginal) engaged in care proceedings in New South Wales was undertaken. Parent and child demographics and investigation triggers and outcomes were compared.

Results: Aboriginal parents were significantly younger than non-Aboriginal parents at initiation of an investigation, twice as likely to be investigated due to concerns about parenting capacity, and more likely to have children removed than non-Aboriginal parents.

Conclusion: The intersection of Aboriginality and intellectual disability appears to increase the risk of negative encounters with child protection systems. Targeted support for young Aboriginal parents and greater disability awareness and cultural sensitivity by child welfare workers are needed.     

现代行政诉讼法学的基本品格及其构建

现代社会的要求和司法改革的价值目标向我国现行行政诉讼法制及其赖以建构的理论基础和框架提出了全方位的挑战,构建符合时代要求的现代行政诉讼法学已势在必行。现代行政诉讼法学应是知识之学、智慧之学、精神之学;现代行政诉讼学的构建需要扩展行政诉讼法学的研究视域、更新行政诉讼法学的研究方法。     

残疾赔偿金的赔偿年限之我见

残疾赔偿金的赔偿年限的确定存在一定争议,建议以差额化模式确定残疾赔偿金的赔偿年限,而不是以定型化模式确定其赔偿年限。