对美国警方管理工作业绩考核新方法的研究

"受教育程度"与"工作满意程度"两项内容是美国警方招募、录用新警察及考核他们工作业绩的新标准和新方法。这种方法一改传统的警察招募标准和业绩考核方式,招募更多的具有大学本科和更高学历者加入警察队伍。在警察管理上,采用传统的规章制度型管理方式的同时,运用心理学理论,从提高警察的心理素质入手,促使他们更加热爱警察工作,调动他们的积极性和工作热情,进一步提高工作效率。     

From Sancitity to Screening: Genetic Disabilities, Risk and Rhetorical Strategies in Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Conception Cases

This analysis scrutinises the rhetorical strategies used by judges in wrongful life and wrongful birth actions as evidence for the assertion that the judicial reading of public policy in such cases has undergone a significant shift which is likely to accelerate as genetic knowledge grows and health care resources shrink. The implications of the predicted move towards increased genetic testing of prospective parents are traversed in relation to feminist analyses of the impact of genetics on reproductive technology. These are viewed as forming a nexus with the current social constructions of disability and the contemporary cultural preoccupation with risk, in a context of the increasing commercial importance of genetic information. It is argued that women cannot make free and informed choices about genetic testing and pregnancy unless legal and social mechanisms which protect those choices are in place. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

朝鲜对中国的经济依存度分析

朝鲜实施的是计划经济体制,对外贸易在其经济发展中只处于拾遗补缺的地位,外贸依存度很低。但就其对外贸易本身来讲,对于中国、韩国的依存度却非常高。尤其在战略物资和外援方面严重依赖于中国。由于朝鲜对于改革开放存在很深的疑虑,估计短期内在经济改革方面不会有突破性的进展。因此在今后较长的一个时期内,无论在对外贸易方面,还是在外来援助方面,都将严重依赖于中国。     

全力解决安全感和满意度中的“小数值”问题

当前,做好公安工作,不能仅仅满足于已取得的成绩,应更加关注人民群众对社会安全感和满意度背后的＂小数值＂问题。因为＂小数值＂关系大责任、大民生,关系到警察的良好形象。公安机关的各级领导对此必须高度重视,营造解决＂小数值＂问题的氛围,倡导解决＂小数值＂之风,恪守解决＂小数值＂之责,做到执行落实到位,督察问责到位,不断提高民警的执行力,建设一支让人民满意的公安队伍。     

真实关联度、证据间性与意指定律——谈证据符号学的三个基本概念

真实关联度指符号反映内容的真确性程度;证据间性指不同证据符号之间相互关联、相互补足的关系;意指定律指符号的意指关系决定了结构关系。这三个术语旨在说明证据符号学的基本理论原则:证据处在一个符号关系场内,由意指关系(真实关联度)和结构关系(证据间性)构成,意指定律就是支配该符号关系场的基本规则。这个证据符号关系场与事实真相交织而构成了一个神秘的意义世界,科学研究的全部任务在于承认并接受这种神秘性的同时,力图澄清它。     

Challenging statutory limitations on children's education rights: a re-examination of the Canadian Supreme Court Decision in Auton

The 2004 Supreme Court of Canada decision in Auton concerns the right of autistic children to access services held by their parents to be essential to their children's ability to participate as members of a democratic society. It is argued that the child's right to have his or her basic developmental needs met is a constitutionally protected one. Having those developmental needs met engages both education and health rights. In Auton the parents had sought funding for the service at issue from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Children and Families (which dealt with mental health services and other particular support programs for the families of disabled children) as well as from the Ministry of Education. The case raises central questions regarding the very nature of education and the constitutionality of a discretionary power of government to set out statutory limitations upon fundamental human rights including education rights.     

论影响职务过失犯罪刑事责任程度的因素

职务过失犯罪刑事责任的程度,是确定职务过失犯罪主体刑事处罚轻重不可缺少的方面。职务 过失犯罪主体的职权所内涵的注意义务要求的不同、相关心理内容所反映的主观恶性的不同、行 为违反规范的数量的多少及犯罪结果的严重程度是影响职务过失犯罪刑事责任程度的因素。     

The Future of Social Policy in Scotland: Will Further Devolved Powers Lead to Better Social Policies for Disabled People?

Scotland has laid claim to being ‘different’ from the rest of the UK with regards to disability policy. This article examines the evidence for that with regard to long‐term and social care, and discusses the possibilities opened up by the devolution of disability benefits. It asks whether Scotland will demonstrate policy divergence from the rest of the UK, and whether that is likely to be beneficial for disabled people. It argues that Scotland has the potential to create better social policies for disabled people, but faces significant challenges in doing so.     

Family strategy of economic inequality among brothers in Korean rural society, 1690–1795

This article examines how inequality among brothers was practised as a family strategy in Korean south-eastern rural society from the end of the seventeenth to the late eighteenth century as a response to local economic changes. The Wolchon area experienced a process of downward levelling in this period. Using the household registers and land registers, the authors reconstituted 58 families with brothers who held land and 406 families who possessed nobi (‘serfs’ or ‘slaves’) for further examination. As a family strategy, most of these families attempted a strategy of unequal inheritance that resulted in maintaining high economic status for only one of the children among all the brothers. This child, in most cases, would be the eldest son, but also could be another son. The degree of inequality among brothers with regard to nobi-holding declined over time. Most families successfully maintained inequality, and through this family status, by efficiently practising the unequal inheritance strategy, while some families failed to keep the same level of inequality by the end of the eighteenth century. The degree of inequality among brothers is intimately connected to family property size. Each family sought its own strategy to suit the actual economic condition of the family. While very wealthy families attempted to give a similar inheritance to all brothers to provide an equal chance to each of them, less wealthy families reduced the survival chances of some children by the concentration of property given to only one child.     

Decomposition Rate and Pattern in Hanging Pigs

Accurate prediction of the postmortem interval requires an understanding of the decomposition process and the factors acting upon it. A controlled experiment, over 60 days at an outdoor site in the northwest of England, used 20 freshly killed pigs (Sus scrofa) as human analogues to study decomposition rate and pattern. Ten pigs were hung off the ground and ten placed on the surface. Observed differences in the decomposition pattern required a new decomposition scoring scale to be produced for the hanging pigs to enable comparisons with the surface pigs. The difference in the rate of decomposition between hanging and surface pigs was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Hanging pigs reached advanced decomposition stages sooner, but lagged behind during the early stages. This delay is believed to result from lower variety and quantity of insects, due to restricted beetle access to the aerial carcass, and/or writhing maggots falling from the carcass.