看守所收押罪犯保外就医医学鉴定探索

目前有关看守所收押罪犯保外就医医学鉴定的法律规定尚不够规范，看守所收押罪犯保外就医的医学鉴定存在很多问题。要规范看守所收押罪犯保外就医的医学鉴定，就应加快刑罚执行方面的立法完善，规范保外就医等执法行为；建立统一的保外就医鉴定机构准入制度，改变当前鉴定机构的乱、杂局面；针对保外就医出现的新情况，建议尽快构建《看守所收押罪犯保外就医执行办法》及其实施细则和标准.     

累进假释制：监狱行刑范式的变更构想——基于完善现行“直捷式”假释范式的省思

假释是我国刑事法律体系的重要内容，又是监狱行刑的重要奖励制度。现行的假释制度，拘泥于传统的“直捷式”的范式，幅度有限，比例受控，未能充分发挥出假释的矫正功能、社会功能和预防功能。因此，应当拓展假释的范式，建立旨在提高改造质量的累进式假释制。累进式假释制是对现行“直捷式”假释制度的变更与完善，与现行的法理精神、监狱刑罚执行的程序规定相通，具有可行性和可操作性，不失为一条解放思想，加大落实“首要标准”力度，拓宽行刑范式的重要路径。     

保外就医法医学鉴定研究(附54例分析)

目的为探索当前我国保外就医的特点，揭示保外就医中存在的问题，为制定有关政策法规提供参考依据，同时探讨保外就医的审查过程中法医学鉴定的必要性。方法两名研究人员从1992—1997年6年期间的司法鉴定资料中筛选出与保外就医有关的法医学鉴定案例，三名研究人员根据既定条件确定研究对象，并进行统计学分析。结果符合条件者共54例，主要年龄范围为20—50岁，罪名分类发现经济性犯罪明显多于非经济性犯罪，前者51例（94．4％），后者3例（5．55％）。提出保外就医申请的理由以单纯病名和主要症状者居多，少有提出辅助症状者，法医学鉴定表明检查结果与申请理由一致者为14例（25．92％），不一致者为40例（74．04％）；进一步鉴定揭示患有疾病确需保外就医者仅为3例（5．55％），而无需保外就医者高达51例（94．4％），其中无病者32例（59．25％），夸大病情者19例（35．18％）。结论本研究提示当前保外就医中犯罪装病、夸大病情等现象明显严重，这与保外就医所经历的中间环节缺乏有效的监督体制有关。因此，单纯以医疗系统进行保外就医鉴定是难以保证法律的公正执行。     

A survival model with dependent competing events and right-hand censoring: Probation and parole as an illustration

Researchers are frequently interested in estimating the elapsed time until the occurrence of an event, such as an arrest following release from prison, dissolution of a marriage, and death following the onset of a disease. Estimation is often hindered by the occurrence of a competing event, which prevents the event of interest from being observed, and by limited follow-up periods. A parametric procedure developed in this paper is suitable for dealing with nonrepeatable competing events when the events are correlated and when independent righthand censoring also exists. Weak distributional assumptions are accommodated by using a Box-Cox transformation and by explicit modeling of heteroscedasticity. The procedure is applied to data pertaining to failure on probabation and parole.     

两大法系中的不方便法院原则及在中国的合理借鉴

一般认为不方便法院原则起源于苏格兰,并在英美法系国家得到了广泛的运用和发展。然而,大陆法系的主要国家和地区也存在着这一制度或类似的制度和做法,这些类似的制度或做法同样体现了不方便法院原则的核心和实质精神:法官的自由裁量权和有利于实现当事人的利益及个案的公正。在中国,立法中过度管辖的存在和互联网立法的缺乏使得不方便法院原则的引入存在必要性,相关法律制度的配套和司法实践又使得该原则的引入存在着可能性。应当结合有关的法律传统和司法特点,设计出适合中国的不方便法院原则。     

抢劫犯罪死刑适用实证研究

在我国短时间内废除死刑并不现实,当务之急是规范死刑适用。抢劫犯罪的死刑主要适用于致人重伤、死亡的抢劫犯罪和其他情节极为恶劣的抢劫犯罪。在认定主要刑事责任人时应全面考察罪中、罪后、罪前等多方面情节。自首、立功等法定从宽处罚情节一般只及一罪;"先杀后抢"、"先抢后杀"的宣告刑应基本一致;在抢劫犯罪中一般不存在被害人有过错的情形;"赔偿免死"的前提是犯罪分子真诚悔罪。酌定从宽情节的适用亟待规范。     

行政裁量控制中的裁量基准和公众参与

行政裁量在行政管理领域中被广泛地采用,没有行政裁量就没有行政管理。行政裁量权的合理运行,可以起到维护公共利益和公共秩序,提高行政效率的重要作用。为了规范行政裁量权的行使,确有必要通过裁量控制中的公众参与的三大程序制度对它加以控制。     

论多元化假释体系的构建

假释作为非监禁措施之一 ,蕴涵多方面的功能和效用 ,被世界各国所广泛适用。基于中国假释制度适用的现状 ,刑事立法和司法实践中 ,应从假释制度的形式、假释提请的主体、提请假释的期限、假释监督的方式、假释考验的期限等几个方面出发 ,构建多元化的假释体系 ,逐步扩大假释制度的适用比例 ,充分发挥假释制度的应有功效。     

AN ANALYSIS OF PAROLE DECISION MAKING USING A SAMPLE OF SEX OFFENDERS: A FOCAL CONCERNS PERSPECTIVE*

We use data from pre‐sentence investigations and official parole board records to study the correlates of parole release among a sample of men incarcerated for sexual offenses. Cox proportional hazard models are used to estimate change in the likelihood of parole over time, and the focal concerns theory provides the theoretical framework for the analyses. The findings suggest a complex interplay of legal and extralegal factors in understanding parole release decisions. Parole officials weigh heavily offense seriousness, institutional misconduct, and parole readiness scores in making release decisions. In addition, study results reveal that victim and offender age is a salient factor in determining parole judgments. Overall, the current analysis provides a baseline for future research on parole decision making in general, and sexual offenders, in particular.     

Modeling the longitudinal impact of legal sanctions on narcotics use and property crime

Structural equation models are used to confirm the suppressive effects of legal sanctions, e.g., probation and parole, on narcotics use and property crime. Both concurrent and longitudinal effects of legal sanctions are tested within two different models, which together span the entire addiction career. The findings indicate that (1) the suppressive effects of legal sanctions are evident only when legal sanctions are operationalized as parole or probation officer contact where urine monitoring is utilized; (2) only concurrent suppressive effects are statistically significant, and longitudinal suppressive effects are not; (3) both narcotics use and property crime are suppressed by legal sanctions, although the latter is less responsive than the former to intervention by the criminal justice system; and (4) suppressive effects tend to be more pronounced later in the addiction career. The significance of the findings and the implications for criminological theory related to issues regarding surveillance effects are emphasized.