死刑案件中刑事和解的正当性探究

刑事和解与刑法理论相契合,与法治环境相融合,与多元化的利益需求和和谐社会的构建相吻合,并与刑事附带民事诉讼制度以及刑事被害人国家补偿制度存在功能上的互补。据此,刑事和解制度具有普遍正当性。死刑案件中的刑事和解与＂以钱买命＂存在的本质区别决定了二者不能混为一谈。刑事和解与司法腐败没有必然联系。刑事和解是限制死刑适用的有效途径。＂重罪不和解＂的观念存在正当性缺失。据此,死刑案件中的刑事和解具有特殊正当性。在刑事和解制度被法律明文规定之前,死刑案件中的刑事和解应被视为限制死刑适用的酌定量刑情节。     

The parole performance of offenders released from shock incarceration (boot camp prisons): A survival time analysis

The parole performance of offenders who were released after successfully completing a shock incarceration program was examined and compared to the performance of offenders who were serving time on probation or parole after a period of incarceration. Separate survival analyses were performed for recidivism as measured by (1) arrests and (2) failures (jailed, absconded, or revoked). Prior incarceration, age, age at first arrest, and risk assessment score were related to recidivism but type of sentence was not. Intensity of supervision was significantly related to recidivism but this relationship was eliminated when risk level was controlled. There was no evidence that shock incarceration reduces recidivism. Future research should focus on methods of reducing failures during community supervision for these young, nonviolent offenders within the framework of either a shock incarceration program or some other sentence.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Probation and Parole Association 14th Annual Training Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 1989.     

论量刑公正的一般标准

在近代刑法学术史上,西方国家曾经围绕报应刑论与目的刑论的对立,就刑罚价值取向和量刑公正标准量刑进行过激烈的争论:报应刑论认为"刑罚轻重应当与罪行轻重相适应",目的刑论认为"刑罚轻重应当与人身危险性相适应"。最后在两者之间形成折中主义刑罚论,认为"表明行为社会危害性和行为人人身危险性事实情况都是影响刑罚轻重的因素",此说为多数学者所赞同并为多数国家刑事立法所采纳。根据现行刑法第五条规定,我国量刑公正标准属于折中主义刑罚论,表现为"罪责刑相均衡",其精髓在于:刑罚的宽严程度应当与行为的社会危害程度以及行为人的人身危险性程度"相互适应",因此,正确处理法定刑、量刑情节与宣告刑三者之间的数量关系,是实现量刑公正的唯一途径。     

不起诉若干问题研究

我国不起诉制度自修正后的刑事诉讼法实施以来获得了长足的进展 ,但也存在着一定的问题 :不起诉的理论分类不清 ;不起诉的效力范围不确定等。我国不起诉监督制约机制应当在全面考虑被害人利益与被不起诉人利益、平衡检察机关的追诉权与当事人诉讼权利的前提下予以重新构建。     

判例制度在我国确立的必要性

本文以案例为支点 ,着重从立法方面、成文法自身的缺陷、法官自身的素质等几个方面论述了“相同案件没有得到相同判决”的产生原因 ;进而分析了判例制度相对于成文法的优势 ,提出在我国逐步推行判例制度对于完善法制、实现社会公平和正义的重要性和必要性 ;以及对不赞成引进判例制度的若干观点的比较认识 ;在此基础上 ,就我国推行判例制度的进路问题提出了自己的见解。     

论我国减刑、假释审理程序的正当化——从诉讼法学的角度

从程序的正当化内容及其要求出发,分析我国司法实践中办理减刑、假释案件时存在的违反正当程序要求的现象及其发生原因,并从诉讼法的角度提出了我国减刑、假释程序正当化的改革措施.     

Enhancing responsiveness and consistency: Comparing the collective use of discretion and discretionary room at inspectorates in England and the Netherlands

Discretion used to be considered a feature of individuals, but growing literature shows that it has collective features as well. To develop an understanding of the individual and cooperative work of inspectors in using discretion and the discretionary room granted to them, we compared two inspectorates: the Care Quality Commission (CQC) in England and the Joint Inspectorate for Youth (JIY) in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals that inspectors engage with colleagues, managers, and stakeholders to include other perspectives, gain mandate, and broaden their repertoire. At the CQC, inspectors use their discretion collectively; on their own initiative, they involve others in balancing and interpreting rules to reach judgments. At the JIY, teamwork is central and regulatory teams are granted collective discretionary room. We argue that collective work permits both responsiveness and consistency. In studying the judgments of inspectors and other street‐level bureaucrats, it is vital to look at collective work and how it combines consistency and responsiveness.     

法律方法的司法价值——从法官的自由裁量权说起

司法领域出现的“类似案件不同判决”现象,涉及到疑难案件中法官的自由裁量权如何行使的问题。从法律方法的视角观察,法律推理和法律解释为法官提供了思考和解决疑难案件的框架,但决定性环节仍需法官运用自己的价值判断。从根本上说,法律方法的运用,能够使裁判的获得成为一种民主公开的过程,一种分析说理的过程,从而也是司法公正的实现过程。法律方法虽然不能保证法官得到唯一正确的答案,却能大大提高裁判的可接受性和说服力,这是法律方法在司法领域的最大价值,     

从法条的公司法到实践的公司法

人们对公司法规范结构的不同分类,其本质都是在讨论一个问题,即当事人的意思在适用公司法规范中有多大空间。并且,任何对公司法规范结构的讨论,都试图在解决公司法适用中的自由与强制的协调。违反公司法强制性规范并不当然使违反行为无效。是否使违反行为无效,应取决于强制性规范的具体性质与立法目的。讨论公司章程对公司法适用的影响时,应该注意公司章程到底有多大的自由空间。公司章程可以根据本公司的特点和特殊要求,规定不同于或不完全同于公司法的规则。而这些规则,可以优先适用于法律、行政法规,包括公司法的规定。