公文著作对国家行政机关公文讲解存在的不足

目前各类公文著述对国家行政机关公文讲解存在某些错误或不足之处。公文著述解释国家行政机关公文必须扣紧《国家行政机关公文处理办法》 ,吃透相关公文的规定 ;注意《办法》规定的适用范围     

法律文书语体风格的内部差异

准确、精练、朴实、庄重是法律文书语体独具的特色。法律文书内部不同类别的文书表现不同的语体风格。其内部的一些细微的差异,如果把握不好,将导致法律文书语体应用的不规范,文章认为,司法演讲文书要体现情理交融的语体风格,司法公文要体现庄重规范的语体风格。     

公安文书写作规律与技巧研究

公安机关奖惩性公文的写作规律和技巧。写作奖惩性公文,首先要选择文种;其次,嘉奖令、奖惩性决定和嘉奖批评性通报写作上有其共同的规律。法定公文与刑事法律文书写作特点有不同;此外,不管是向上级汇报工作、反映情况、答复上级的询问,还是向上级请求指示、批准事项,亦或是答复下级的请示事项,所使用的文种和行文要求都不同。最后,刑事法律文书写作所揭示的规律,完全可以用来指导治安法律文书的写作,当然,它们两者之间也有许多不同。     

Links and copyright law

For at least 15 years, there have been question marks over the legal permissibility of connecting one web resource to another by means of links. The purpose of this paper is to assess where we stand in terms of the legal state on the threshold of the new decade. The substantive argument in this paper is that, fundamentally, there are only two sorts of links. ‘Normal’ links facilitate access to subject matter that has been made available to the public and are visible to users as ‘activatable’ references. ‘Embedding’ links, by contrast, automatically incorporate online material and cause it to become a part of the embedding document. On the grounds of the cumulative judicial custom in the member states of the European Union, this paper proposes that normal links as such should invariably be deemed not to create a state of interference with copyright law. Embedding links, however, may constitute an infringement of the exclusive right of alteration, communication or reproduction enjoyed by the copyright holder, depending on the facts and circumstances.     

Kinematics of Signature Writing in Healthy Aging

Forensic document examiners (FDE) called upon to distinguish a genuine from a forged signature of an elderly person are often required to consider the question of age‐related deterioration and whether the available exemplars reliably capture the natural effects of aging of the original writer. An understanding of the statistical relationship between advanced age and handwriting movements can reduce the uncertainty that may exist in an examiner's approach to questioned signatures formed by elderly writers. The primary purpose of this study was to systematically examine age‐related changes in signature kinematics in healthy writers. Forty‐two healthy subjects between the ages of 60–91 years participated in this study. Signatures were recorded using a digitizing tablet, and commercial software was used to examine the temporal and spatial stroke kinematics and pen pressure. Results indicated that vertical stroke duration and dysfluency increased with age, whereas vertical stroke amplitude and velocity decreased with age. Pen pressure decreased with age. We found that a linear model characterized the best‐fit relationship between advanced age and handwriting movement parameters for signature formation. Male writers exhibited stronger age effects than female writers, especially for pen pressure and stroke dysfluency. The present study contributes to an understanding of how advanced age alters signature formation in otherwise healthy adults.     

论军事规范性文件制定与实施的规范化

军事规范性文件的制定与实施有利于健全依法治军的手段 ,提高依法治军的效率 ,完善依法治军的依据。当前 ,在制定与实施规范性文件的过程中 ,存在着制定主体混乱、越权情况严重、内容与军事法相抵触、地位被不适当地抬高、制定程序缺乏统一规范等问题。必须采取有效措施 ,规范制定规范性文件的主体 ,完善制定规范性文件的程序 ,加强对制定规范性文件的监督     

书写方向对笔顺和笔径的影响

以反犬旁、山字为目标字,收集了1178份有效笔迹样本,其中反犬旁常见笔顺样本954份,当用常见笔顺书写反犬旁时,第一个撇笔有正反2种笔径,分性别检验山字笔顺与反犬旁第一撇的笔径的相关性,用似然比测定其相关程度。字的书写方向因子可以解释山字笔顺与反犬旁笔顺、笔径相关的结果,研究结果支持了书写能力结构的因子假说。     

裁判文书网上公开中的隐私问题研究

随着法院信息化建设的推进，裁判文书的公开方式呈现出从纸质到网络的发展趋势。加大了隐私扩散风险。针对法院是否应在网上公开裁判文书及公开的程度等问题，存在着三种观点：禁止说、区别说及同等说。为平衡公众知情权与个人隐私之间的冲突，对裁判文书中记载的敏感的个人信息或有损声誉的事实，需依据裁判文书公开的目的，决定是否将之公开在网上。同时，法院也应采取积极措施应对公众对隐私问题的关注，同等对待纸质公开和网上公开。     

河北省立法商学院文献研究

河北省立法商学院前身为北洋法政学堂,是天津历史上唯一的一所公立政法财经类普通高校,也是一座具有光荣革命传统的百年学府,曾培养和涌现出许多革命志士和政经人才,在中国政经教育史上写下了光辉的一页。天津图书馆藏有该校丰富的史料,对研究天津政法教育的历史沿革与改革发展具有重要参考意义。本文就该馆所藏相关文献予以介绍,并探讨其主要内容与价值,便于研究者参考利用。     

Analyzing Brazilian vehicle documents for authenticity by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry

Using desorption/ionization techniques such as easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), it is possible to analyze documents of Brazilian vehicles for authenticity, providing a chemical profile directly from the surface of each document. A method for the detection of counterfeit documents is described, and the falsification procedure is elucidated. Forty authentic and counterfeit documents were analyzed by both positive and negative ion modes, EASI(±)-MS. EASI(+)-MS results identified the presence of (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate plasticizer and of dihexadecyldimethylammonium biocide in both types of documents. For EASI(-)-MS results, the 4-octyloxybenzoic acid additive ([M + H](+): m/z 249) is present only in counterfeit documents. It was also found that counterfeit vehicle documents are produced via Laserjet printers. Desorption/ionization techniques, such as EASI-MS, offer therefore, an intelligent way to characterize the counterfeiting method.