建筑物区分所有权关系中的自己地役权研究

各国及地区日渐认可自己地役权在调整建筑物区分所有权关系中的重要作用,相对于房屋买卖契约、管理规约,自己地役权具有低成本、从属性、事前性、灵活性等独特价值。自己地役权可以由开发商在房屋销售前事先设定,也可由业主在购得房屋后设定。自己地役权应采登记生效主义,特定情形下,可基于默示行为设定。当自己地役权的内容构成对业主财产权的不合理限制、有违民法公平原则或者发生情势变更时,业主可以提出抗辩。为了实现对日渐复杂之建筑物区分所有权关系的有效调整,促进地役权法律资源效用最大化,有必要在《物权法》中增加自己地役权。     

Vicious dogs part 2: criminal thinking, callousness, and personality styles of their owners

Every year over 885,000 dog bites require serious medical attention. Based on human injury and insurance claims, six dog breeds were designated as "vicious" (Akitas, Chows, Dobermans, Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and Wolf-mixes). This study was conducted to expand on previous research examining antisocial tendencies and personality styles of people choosing to own vicious breeds. Seven hundred and fifty-four college students completed a questionnaire assessing type of dog owned, criminal thinking, callousness, personality, alcohol usage, and deviant lifestyle behaviors. Vicious dog owners reported significantly higher criminal thinking, entitlement, sentimentality, and superoptimism tendencies. Vicious dog owners were arrested, engaged in physical fights, and used marijuana significantly more than other dog owners. However, the homogeneous sample utilized could impact the generalizability of these findings. Choosing to own a vicious dog may be a "thin slice" indicator of more antisocial tendencies.     

业主委员会：城市社区民主发展的可能载体——广州嘉和苑业委会调查

从对广州嘉和苑业委会成立过程的调查可见,业主委员会的选举是一场崭新的民主实验,是一种实质的民主选举,不像原有的居委会选举只具民主的符号意义。究其原因,城市住房制度的变革,使居民成为住宅的所有者(业主),他们的利益第一次与其居住的社区紧密结合起来。这或许意味着以业主委员会为主导的城市新型社区的业主自治实践,有可能成为我国城市社区民主发展的另一个支撑点或载体,并对国家的民主政治建设产生积极影响。     

私营企业主参政议政存在的问题及建议

新世纪新阶段,广大私营企业主参政议政的热情进一步高涨,但同时私营企业主参政议政也存在一些问题,主要表现为:少数人对参政议政态度冷漠;少数人参政议政的目的是维护自身利益;私营企业主参政议政的基本素质需要进一步提高;私营企业主参政议政的深度和广度不够,实效性不明显;参政议政具体的途径还需要拓宽。     

电警棍反复电击引起动物行为、内脏器官活动与病理变化的初步观察

本文报道了用725型电警棍反复电击3只清醒犬所引起的行为反应、重要内脏器官活动变化。结合尸体解剖与组织学检查发现,持续高压脉冲电击可导致机体应激系统机能高度亢奋,但随电击的持续进行而转为逐渐低下,以致衰竭。从而出现各器官、系统不同程度的生理功能障碍和形态结构改变,甚至危及生命。为正确使用电警棍提供了一定的实验依据。     

网络链接与我国信息网络传播权保护之辨析

网络链接是万维网的核心技术 ,是互联网信息交互与传播的重要手段 ,但同时也构成对信息网络传播权的威胁。不同链接具有不同的表现形式 ,链接技术本身不构成侵权不等于网链行为不构成侵权。网上关键词组组合、搜索引擎使用、未经著作权人同意的链接及链接有协议的侵权作品是否构成侵权诸方面问题 ,应结合中外典型案例进行探析 ,正确处理网络链接与信息网络传播权司法保护之间的关系 ,以完善相关法律     

Characterization and Comparison of Injuries Caused by Accidental and Non‐accidental Blunt Force Trauma in Dogs and Cats

Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are often difficult to distinguish from non‐accidental injury (NAI). This retrospective case–control study compared animals with known MVA trauma against those with known NAI. Medical records of 426 dogs and cats treated after MVA and 50 after NAI were evaluated. Injuries significantly associated with MVA were pelvic fractures, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, abrasions, and degloving wounds. Injuries associated with NAI were fractures of the skull, teeth, vertebrae, and ribs, scleral hemorrhage, damage to claws, and evidence of older fractures. Odds ratios are reported for these injuries. MVA rib fractures were found to occur in clusters on one side of the body, with cranial ribs more likely to fracture, while NAI rib fractures were found to occur bilaterally with no cranial–caudal pattern. Establishing evidence‐based patterns of injury may help clinicians differentiate causes of trauma and may aid in the documentation and prosecution of animal abuse.     

Canine Population Data Generated from a Multiplex STR Kit for Use in Forensic Casework*

Abstract: Canine biological specimens are often part of the physical evidence from crime scenes. Until now, there have been no validated canine‐specific forensic reagent kits available. A multiplex genotyping system, comprising 18 short tandem repeats (STRs) and a sex‐linked zinc finger locus for gender determination, was developed for generating population genetic data assessing the weight of canine forensic DNA profiles. Allele frequencies were estimated for 236 pedigreed and 431 mixed breed dogs residing in the U.S. Average random match probability is 1 in 2 × 10³³ using the regional database and 1 in 4 × 10³⁹ using the breed dataset. Each pedigreed population was genetically distinct and could be differentiated from the mixed breed dog population but genetic variation was not significantly correlated with geographic transition. Results herein support the use of the allele frequency data with the canine STR multiplex for conveying the significance of identity testing for forensic casework, parentage testing, and breed assignments.     

Domestic Predation of an Elder: A Fatal Dog Attack Case

We present the case of a 91‐year‐old woman lived alone at her home with two domestic dogs, that is,, a Labrador Retriever and a Staffordshire Bull Terrier and found dead. The investigation of the scene revealed that the Bull Terrier's jawbone and chest were covered with blood. The autopsy revealed multiple, histologically confirmed, life‐threatening skin and bone lacerations without scavenging marks. The punctures and tearing of each of the wounds on the skin were compatible with bites. A left humeral fracture and multiple fractures of the right facial bones were observed. The death was attributed to external hemorrhages due to several dog bites. A veterinary physical and behavioral examination indicated that the Bull Terrier was involved in the attack. A domestic predation hypothesis was deemed here most likely due to the presence of food supplies at the scene, the dog's previous history of attack, and the breed of the dog.