生活垃圾强制分类是否可行?--基于政策工具视角的案例研究

生活垃圾强制分类已在上海正式实施,但强制分类是否可行以及其可行性受哪些条件的制约等问题还需要进行深入的理论探讨。在政策工具的理论视角下,使用政策网络的研究途径,在借鉴国内外已有学术观点的基础上结合"垃圾分类"这一特定主题可概括出本文的分析框架:强制性工具在垃圾分类中的适用性由地方政府和政策网络两组变量决定,其中前者包括地方政府能力和政策营销两部分,后者则由网络规模、网络的开放度、权力关系、凝聚性和连接性等五个具体变量组成。通过对江西省东阳乡和我国台湾地区台北市两地的垃圾分类案例进行研究可以发现:地方政府能力是"强制"的先决条件;地方政府能力强且政策网络适宜时可适用"强制";地方政府能力强但政策网络不适宜时,通过良好的政策营销可以减少来自政策网络的阻力,进而使"强制分类"可行。除本文探讨的主题外,社会治理与垃圾强制分类、差异化的操作模式以及如何通过政策营销重塑政策网络等问题都值得做更进一步的研究。     

Sexual Revictimization Among College Women: A Review Through an Ecological Lens

This paper reviews factors at the individual, microsystem, meso/exosystem, and macrosystem levels that contribute to sexual revictimization among college women. Potential implications for reducing sexual revictimization on campuses via multilevel targeting of interventions is then discussed. This review reveals that despite a need for additional work examining the influence of multiple interacting factors contributing to revictimization, extant work offers insights as to how colleges can develop comprehensive programs to reduce sexual revictimization. Such programming would not only improve institutional responses to sexual violence, but also serve as a model for reducing general cultural acceptance of the perpetration of sexual assault.     

新发展阶段实施文化产业数字化战略探究

党的十九届五中全会提出了加快数字化发展的新要求。文化产业数字化有助于扩大内需,满足人民对美好生活的需求;有助于转变经济发展方式,扩大就业;有助于提高文化竞争力,增强文化软实力。转变观念,树立“互联网+”思维;充分发挥市场经济的作用,加强文化体制改革;加强科学规划,完善政策体系;制定并完善适应文化产业数字化发展的法律法规;重视对新型文化业态中的人才培养,为新发展阶段文化产业数字化战略实施的有效路径。     

Rights,women, and the state of Pakistan

Violence against women is a problem around the world. Addressing the issues of physical and sexual violence against women has been a complicated endeavor for criminologists. Much of the traditional criminological research on violence against women has frequently focused on rape as a crime of power between individuals. However, this framework has been expanded to incorporate the analysis of rape during times of war and rape as a state crime. In these cases, rape serves a broader purpose within the military and social structure. By focusing on the specific case of the gang rape of Mukhtar Mai, the goal of this paper was to demonstrate and analyze the role of the state in many of these crimes. Mukhtar Mai’s case should not be understood in isolation, but as a way to illuminate the role of the state in these numerous crimes.     

Does Country-Level Social Disorganization Increase Terrorist Attacks?

This study examines the effects of a measure of country-level social disorganization on levels of terrorist attacks and fatalities in 101 countries from 1981 to 2010. We measure social disorganization as the presence of state instability: revolutionary and ethnic war, adverse regime change, and genocide. The classic social disorganization perspective posits that individuals experiencing these types of rapid social change will be freed from the institutional and informal restraints that bind them to society, and keep them conforming to social norms and laws. We examine the extent to which this reasoning applies to the number of terrorist attacks and fatalities from terrorist attacks occurring in countries. To control for the possibility that better functioning states are better able to prevent terrorist attacks, we include two measures of state capacity. We find that controlling for state capacity and a wide variety of other variables, social disorganization is consistently associated with increases in terrorist attacks and fatalities. We consider implications of the results for future research and policy.     

Understanding a New Typology of Batterers: Implications for Treatment

This article reviews early theories of the phenomenology of battering as well as more recent empirical research on batterer personality and behavioral characteristics. These studies yielded inconsistent findings. Most recently, Chiffriller and Hennessy (Chiffriller, 2002; Chiffriller & Hennessy, in press) conducted an extensive study that attempted to expand and correct for the methodological limitations of previous research. Cluster analysis yielded five distinct profiles of men who batter women. Based on the behavioral and personality characteristics that defined each cluster, the following five labels were chosen: (a) pathological batterers, (b) sexually violent batterers, (c) generally violent batterers, and (d) psychologically violent batterers, and (e) family-only batterers. These five profiles, and the implications for understanding battering and developing appropriate interventions, are discussed.     

A review of domestic violence arrest statistics in a police department using a pro-arrest policy: Are pro-arrest policies enough?

This study examined domestic violence arrest statistics in a sheriff's department that does not utilize a community approach and provides little police training on domestic violence. In reviewing all domestic violence reports (n=1870) over a 12-month period, less than one-third (28.8%) of the domestic violence cases ended in arrest. Even the most serious charges (aggravated batteries) were more likely to end without an arrest (62.6%) than with an arrest (37.4%). Although results showed that more men were identified (88.4%) and arrested (91.6%) as batterers than women (11.6% and 8.4%, respectively), closer analyses revealed that arrested women were more often charged with more serious charges (60%) than arrested men (26.0%). Finally, gender and race data indicated that while four-fifths (84.6%) of black females were arrested on felony charges, less than one-fifth (19.5%) of white males were arrested on the same charge. These findings demonstrate a need for further research on factors that may affect pro-arrest policy effectiveness.Forensic psychological resident in private practice in Miami and Fort Lauderdale, Florida.     

国际间国内生产总值比较中的若干问题探讨

国内生产总值(GDP)是反映一国所有常住单位在核算期内生产活动最终成果的总量指标,是所有经济分析和国际间比较研究中使用频率最高的一个重要指标。我国的国内生产总值指标无论在生产范围、总产出及其估价、中间消耗及其估价等方面还是在计算方法方面都与SNA(1993年版)核算体系中的该指标有所不同,因此,在国际间比较GDP指标时应慎重。     

关于无名流浪者交通肇事人身损害赔偿案件几个问题的思考

近年来,无名流浪者因交通事故致死的事件时有发生。由于我国法律规定存在的缺失和空白,导致在司法实践中就原告主体资格、人身损害赔偿金额、赔偿金的处置等问题,产生了分歧和疑惑。本文对以上问题提出了与当前实际操作完全不同的观点。     

夫妻间暴力侵权婚内赔偿制度探析

我国婚姻法规定,夫妻间因实施家庭暴力导致离婚时,无过错方有权请求暴力损害赔偿,但当事人不起诉离婚则不能向法院单独提起暴力侵权损害赔偿诉讼。实践中夫妻间发生的暴力侵权行为,并不必然导致夫妻离婚,若因此而剥夺受损害方要求对方承担民事责任的诉权,既不符合我国法律精神,也对婚姻家庭的稳定与和谐不利。故本文针对婚内夫妻间暴力侵权损害赔偿制度建立的必要性及婚内暴力损害赔偿请求权的行使进行探析,以期对制裁和预防家庭暴力行为、保护社会主义婚姻家庭关系有所裨益。