Technical note: Comparison of forensic swabs for intravaginal sampling

This study compared the currently used swab Prionics ForensiX Evidence Collection Kit with the alternatives Prionics ForensiX Evidence Collection Tube SafeDry and Sarstedt Forensic Swab XL. Volunteers provided intravaginal swabs collected with all swab types at specific time points after unprotected sexual intercourse. Quantifiable DNA, detectability of seminal fluid component (prostate specific antigen, PSA) and spermatozoa were evaluated to find the best-performing swab type.While Sarstedt XL showed significantly higher DNA quantities for sperm cell fractions than ForensiX Kit, the more concise PSA test results clearly favour ForensiX SafeDry. Reassuringly, mostly complete autosomal STR profiles of male components were obtained for sperm cell fractions at all time points and tested swabs. Switching to the higher performing ForensiX SafeDry with improved sampling and processing properties will also benefit victims, medical personnel, and investigators.     

Separation of sperm and epithelial cells based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting

The detection and separation of spermatozoa is crucial in the forensic investigation of alleged sexual assault cases. Differential lysis and microscopy-based techniques are conventional methods for the isolation of spermatozoa, though are time-consuming and frequently fail with samples containing an unfavourable sperm/epithelial cell ratio. Successful separation by means of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) has previously been reported, yet little efforts have been dedicated towards the further improvement or routine implementation of this technique. With this ongoing research, a methodology is being developed to sort sperm from epithelial cells by combining the Sperm Hy-Liter™ staining kit and FACS. Sorted sperm cells are then subjected to a direct lysis and low volume PCR (LV-PCR) protocol. Preliminary results demonstrate the successful separation of both cell types at a sperm/epithelial cell ratio of up to 1:500. The direct lysis and LV-PCR protocol allows to produce full haploid profiles from single sperm cells and mostly full diploid profiles from 10 spermatozoa. These data suggest that the proposed methods are potentially viable for forensic casework, yet additional testing is required for validation purposes.     

非正规的“正规化”:劳动力市场分割与家政服务企业——基于2019年四个城市的家政工人调查

在非正规就业盛行的家政市场,家政服务企业的重要性日益凸显,亟待考察这些劳动力市场中介机构的就业效果。通过分析2019年四个城市的家政工人调查数据,发现家政服务企业的发展可能会影响家政业内不同工种的收入差距,改变非正规就业市场的原有结构。伴随管理者企业的介入,家务员收入大幅提升,母婴护理员和家庭保洁员的收入则出现下降。家政企业对工人收入的改善和工作正规化的促进作用是有限的。本文不仅呈现了家政就业市场内部的异质性,为家政工作的正规化讨论提供中国经验数据,还指出劳动力市场中介机构在以女性为主的非正规就业市场上的特殊性,具有一定政策意义。     

我国网络环境下儿童性权益保障的缺失及对策探讨

随着互联网的迅速发展,儿童已成为我国网络使用的重要群体。网络作为一种新的社会因素,对儿童成长的影响逐渐凸显。儿童在上网过程中,网络环境中充斥的淫秽、色情等不良有害信息以及某些网络违法者对儿童实施的性骚扰及性侵害等行为严重侵害了儿童的性权益。近几年来,网络环境下侵犯儿童性权益的案件频繁发生,如何有效的预防和制止这类犯罪,在复杂的网络环境中减少侵犯儿童性权益的犯罪行为,是我国目前应重视的问题。通过提出网络环境下儿童性权益受到侵害的现状,探析网络环境下儿童性权益被侵害的原因,进而提出网络环境下儿童性权益保护的对策,通过完善我国目前的法律法规,加强对儿童网络安全的管理,加强学校和父母对儿童的性教育与网络安全教育等相关措施,净化网络环境,保护网络环境下儿童性权益,保障儿童的健康成长。     

Bringing the Falklands/Malvinas Home: Young People's Everyday Engagements with Geopolitics in Domestic Space

This paper draws on recent research examining feminist and everyday geopolitics to focus on the relatively neglected domestic sphere as a space where geopolitical events like the Falklands/Malvinas war are learnt, (re)produced, remembered and contested by young people. It presents qualitative data drawn from interviews with young people from Argentina (Río Gallegos) and the Falkland Islands (Stanley), locations with intimate connections to the 1982 war. It argues that research in domestic environments that engages the familial relations, objects and practices that embody geopolitical pasts can help make sense of how young people (are able to) express geopolitical agency.     

我国反对家庭暴力地方法规、政策比较研究

我国有27个省、自治区、直辖市制定实施了反对家庭暴力的地方法规或文件。通过对这些地方法规和文件的比较分析可以发现,各地在界定家庭暴力概念、明确法规实施主体、规定举证责任、进行首问责任制等方面进行了积极的尝试,为反家暴工作的开展提供了重要依据。同时,地方性法规和政策的天然不足和相互间的差异,又迫切呼唤国家出台专门法律以及相关方面对若干法律问题做更加深入的研究论证。     

国内法“战时”概念的法律界定

从各国国内法对＂战时＂这一概念的界定情况看,尽管各国由于文化传统、现实状况以及表述习惯等方面存在差异,决定了法律文本关于＂战时＂概念界定的表述有所不同,但这些界定所体现出的＂战时＂概念的法律意义、内涵特征与外延范围是基本一致的。我国＂战时＂概念的法律界定主要体现在《刑法》第451条中,其遵循了＂战时＂概念法律界定的一些基本要求,但同时也存在着一些明显的缺陷,应当按照依法合理界定、严格准确界定、便于实践操作的要求予以完善。     

论外商投资合同法律效力争议解决

本文所称外商投资合同法律效力争议,是一个较为宽泛的概念,它不仅包括外商在中国境内直接投资签署的中外合资/合作经营企业合同及其变更的法律效力所产生之争议,也包括外资并购合同法律效力产生之争议,还包括外商投资中企境外企业所签署的合同法律效力所产生之争议。本文意图通过对上述三种不同形式的外商投资合同法律效力所产生之争议的不同方面进行比较研究,从而找出正确的解决这些争议的方法,以供业内人士、仲裁员、律师参考。     

扩大内需谨防通货陷阱

本文认为在我国目前的经济发展中 ,内需不振的根子在产业结构的老化和不合理。绝不能把增发货币作为刺激经济增长、扩大内需的灵丹妙药。货币的作用是一把双刃剑 ,运用得体可以真正发挥经济的“第一推动力”和“持续推动力”的作用 ;相反则有可能使经济陷入滞胀之中。     

金融危机下的中国旅游业现状及对策研究

近期由美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机，对全球国际旅游的影响正在加深，对我国旅游市场的影响也正在逐步显现。从各方面了解的情况看，这次金融危机与1998年亚洲金融危机和2003年“非典”相比，对旅游业冲击更猛烈，影响范围更大，持续时间将更长。我国的旅游业作为外向度高、市场化强的产业，只有通过和全球旅游业界加强相互合作，交流相关经验，采取有效的危机应对措施，才能在金融危机的大背景下继续保持平稳增长态势而不发生大的波动。