A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF MANDATORY PARENT EDUCATION*

In an effort to take positive steps toward coping with problems for families and children created by high levels of separation and divorce, ever increasing civil caseloads and the exposure of children to interparental conflict, court‐affiliated educational programs have emerged in the United States for parents separating from their spouse or partner or going through a divorce. This article will provide an overview of the creation of such programs and their development, which includes a discussion regarding the numerous states currently mandating parents to attend. It will summarize some of the research which has been conducted as to the efficacy of the programs and will provide the results of our nationwide research for each state's parent education status. There is a discussion of domestic violence issues and sensitivities in the context of parent education programs and possible future directions for mandatory parent education.     

马克思恩格斯世界历史理论的生态意蕴

马克思恩格斯世界历史理论所包涵的第一重生态意蕴在于:研究世界历史既要承认自然的先在性,也要看到人对自然的改造是不可避免的,从而引起普遍交往的建立,进而促进历史向世界历史转变。第二重生态意蕴在于:资本的扩张本性、资本主义生产方式的普遍化以及发达国家向发展中国家的殖民侵略造成了严重的生态问题。这些生态意蕴对我国生态文明建设有诸多启示。     

Co-Occurrence of Interparental Violence and Child Physical Abuse and It’s Effect on the Adolescents’ Behavior

This study analyzed the impact of the co-occurrence of parental and interparental violence on the behavior of adolescents. Results reveal that the co-occurrence of interparental violence and child physical abuse has a significantly greater negative impact on behavior than does exposure to interparental violence only. Moreover, participants, who are both abused and exposed to interparental violence, exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms falling within the clinical range more frequently. Exposure exclusively to interparental violence also has definite impact; for example, teens who are only exposed to interparental violence exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms more frequently than do those who have been neither subject to physical abuse from a parent nor exposed to interparental violence. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

印度婚姻制度的嬗变

在人类婚姻制度的发展历程中,印度的婚姻制度的发展是比较独特的,它随着印度社会的变化而演化,先后经历了从古代的种姓婚姻到中世纪的伊斯兰教婚姻,从近代英国统治下的婚姻变革到独立后的婚姻制度现代化,其发展道路坎坷曲折,其转变的过程既反映了印度时代的变迁,也明示着人类社会的进步.     

Beliefs about Wife Beating among Medical Students from Turkey

The paper presents a study conducted among 173 Turkish medical students, which examined their beliefs about wife beating through a self-administered questionnaire. An integrative conceptual framework was tested as the basis for explaining the students’ beliefs. The results revealed that between 4.5 and 38.7% of the participants justified wife beating, between 3.5 and 5.3% of them tended to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and between 4.7 and 28.5% of them tended to believe that battered women are responsible for their beating. In addition, between 68.4 and 90.6% of the students expressed willingness to help battered women, and although nearly half of them perceived the violent husbands as responsible for their behavior, only about one-quarter of them supported punishing violent husbands. The results also indicate that significant amounts of the variance in students’ beliefs about wife beating can be attributed to their patriarchal ideology toward family life and to their exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research, theory development, and training of medical students. Both authors contributed equally to this paper. The order of the names does not indicate seniority of either author.     

关于改革开放的历史必然及发展阶段

中国为什么要改革开放？为什么必须毫不动摇地坚持改革开放？说明这一点,关系到我们能否坚定对中国特色社会主义事业的信念。特别是在改革开放不断深化并遇到各种障碍和问题时,就更需要对改革开放的必要性加以说明。对这个问题,既需要依据当前的现实来论证,更需要从对历史的考察中加以说明,即从历史中寻求答案。     

共产党员应该认真学习党的光辉历史

在中国共产党建立88周年之际，每一个共产党员都应认真学习党的光辉历史，这对于了解党的丰功伟绩，理解中国共产党的伟大、光荣、正确，坚信只有在党的领导下走社会主义道路，国家才能强盛，民族才能振兴，人民才能富裕；对于认清马克思主义与中国革命和建设相结合的历史经验，都是十分重要的。     

中国云南与印度经济关系的历史

本文分三个部分，分别阐述公元7世纪前、后以及近代中国云南与印度经济关系发展的三个阶段。文章认为西南丝绸之路的形成带来了云南及西南地区与印度间第一个贸易高峰，唐宋以后则表现为文化交流与经贸往来的互动，至近代再次出现以棉纱和生丝为代表的贸易高峰。云南与印度的经贸往来是中印交流史上的重要内容之一。     

文学史家也是文学批评家——从陈平原对夏志清的批评谈起

陈平原对夏志清文学史写作的批评中强调文学史与文学批评的分界,这一提法反映了美学对于文学史家只是辅助手段的偏见。过分注重演化价值的文学史写法带来一些消极的影响,即强调科学、实证的研究思维,忽略了作品与艺术家个性的关系以及艺术作品里隐含的世界观问题。文学史家在建构宏阔的史学框架时应同时具备对作品的想象性理解,因而优秀的文学史家也是文学批评家。     

略述中国与东南亚文化交流史中的几个重要方面

文化交流史是中国与东南亚关系史中的重要部分。本文对中国与东南亚文化交流史中的几个重要方面进行了论述．以体现中国与东南亚文化交流的丰富性与重要性。