You gotta move: advancing the debate on the record of dispersal

This paper summarizes the social science research on the record of housing dispersal programs since 1995. The research shows a consistently disappointing record of benefits to low-income households. Households moved out of high-poverty neighborhoods, voluntarily and involuntarily, show few or no beneficial effects in terms of economic self-sufficiency, health benefits, or social integration. The benefits of dispersal are confined to feelings of greater safety and satisfaction with neighborhood environmental conditions. We offer a framework for understanding the disappointing record of dispersal, highlighting its translation from social science diagnosis to policy, problems in the policy's implementation, its underlying theory of poverty, and the political context within which dispersal has been applied.     

屌丝及其社会阶层固化的原因分析

作为一个流行语,"屌丝"体现了特定青年群体的真实存在状态,该群体的典型特征是"矬穷丑",其在物质积累、社会地位、爱情婚姻及向上流动等方面都遭遇了较大阻力,属于较为低下的社会阶层。"逆袭"是屌丝突破阶层固化限制、实现身份翻转、进入社会上升通道的过程。社会转型的时代背景、不公平的教育资源分配、屌丝群体自身的价值观念与生活方式等因素的交互作用,共同合力于这一过程,造成屌丝逆袭的困境。     

日本、韩国、新加坡引入中国劳工制度的比较研究

日本、韩国和新加坡是中国对外劳务合作的重要国家。三个国家的中国劳工输入制度具有一定共性,即中国劳工从事低技能、无技能工作,受到移入国法律保护,劳工引入具有暂时性、配额管制、高度依附、"品质"管控等特点,差异既体现在对中国劳工的身份定位上,日本定位为"学习技能者",韩国和新加坡则定位为"劳动者";还体现在劳工引入方式上,日本引入模式为混合驱动型,韩国为政府主导型,新加坡则是市场驱动型。对三国中国劳工输入制度的比较研究,可以为中国对外劳务合作和海外劳工权益保护提供重要参考。     

Gradient constraint in voting: The effect of intra-generational social class and income mobility on turnout

As the connection between an individual’s socioeconomic status and electoral participation originates from the socialization process in childhood and adolescence, inequalities in voting are often argued to be relatively stable throughout the life cycle. However, social mobility during adulthood may mitigate the effects of family background. Using individual-level register-based data, this study examines the extent to which changes in adults’ social class and income between 2000 and 2011 influenced voting propensity in the 2012 Finnish municipal elections. The results show that turnout among socially mobile voters settles between the stable members of their socioeconomic group of origin and destination. Our findings imply that intra-generational social and economic mobility can constrain the socioeconomic gradient in turnout.     

台湾工业化过程中劳工流动模式初探

台湾地区在20世纪后半期的工业化进程中创造了劳工＂持续向上流动＂的成功模式。其主要原因在于：（1）特殊的历史背景与工业化起点为其奠定了基础;（2）快速的工业化进程为其提供了动力;（3）中小企业为主的企业形态与分散的工业布局是其重要路径。然而,步入21世纪以后,台湾社会劳工流动虽然总体上仍延续其向上流动的模式,但却呈现出减缓的趋势。其中岛内外经济不景气,岛内产业结构趋于稳定与政府的积极作为在其中发挥了不同的作用。     

Rawls's Difference Principle as Compensation for Social Immobility

Outside academia, John Rawls's theory of justice—justice as fairness—has had little impact. This article is part of a broader project to rectify this. I offer a distinctive, second‐best, argument for Rawls's difference principle. The difference principle requires that inequalities in income and wealth are justified only if they benefit society's least‐advantaged citizens. My paper argues that, slightly‐modified, the difference principle is an excellent principle of redress in light of the UK's continued failure to give all citizens fair career chances. I show how we might realize the difference principle at the level of policy through tax rate reductions or negative tax rates. I conclude that if you don't want to accept the second‐best argument for the difference principle you must get serious about giving all citizens fair career chances. As I suggest, this task is extremely difficult.     

The rise of a hesitant EU host? Examining the Greek migrant integration policy and its transformation during the crisis

Greece lately, as a result of the crisis, has been transformed from a migrant receiving (host) country to a simultaneously migrant sending and receiving one. At the same time, processes of migrant de-integration from the economy and society have been manifesting too. This paper attempts to draw light on Greek migrant integration policy, which through the years has been characterized by a contradiction between policy narratives and concrete actions on the ground. More specifically, this paper brings to the fore a policy change that occurred during the period 2012–2015 and possibly continues up to now. According to this policy shift, special emphasis was put on the acquisition of the European long-term resident status from the part of already settled migrants as a passport to their intra-European mobility. Politically speaking, such developments were heralded as a win–win situation for both migrants, but also, Greece as a host country. Nevertheless, this rise of a hesitant EU host, who turned its integration policy into a managing migration endeavour, might be indicative of broader tendencies and trends within an expanded EU migratory landscape that includes both migration, but lately most importantly, asylum too.     

Permanence of the Family Farm Questioned: Rural Mobility in the Nineteenth-Century Estonia and Sweden

The family farm has symbolic significance in many parts of the world. In this paper we argue that the “rooted” identity of the farmer emerged as a reaction to rapid modernization in society and that, in actual fact, the nineteenth century rural communities were both geographically and socially mobile. We examine how kinship ties were expressed in spatial terms with the help of two examples from Harjumaa in north Estonia and Västergötland in south Sweden. These micro-histories are taken both to illuminate and subvert some of the key ideas about identity, belonging, and mobility of the nineteenth-century farmer.     

A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY TO CRIME: EFFECTS OF RESIDENTIAL HISTORY ON CRIME LOCATION CHOICE*

Many offenses take place close to where the offender lives. Anecdotal evidence suggests that offenders also might commit crimes near their former homes. Building on crime pattern theory and combining information from police records and other sources, this study confirms that offenders who commit robberies, residential burglaries, thefts from vehicles, and assaults are more likely to target their current and former residential areas than similar areas they never lived in. In support of the argument that spatial awareness mediates the effects of past and current residence, it also is shown that areas of past and present residence are more likely to be targeted if the offender lived in the area for a long time instead of briefly and if the offender has moved away from the area only recently rather than a long time ago. The theoretical implications of these findings and their use for investigative purposes are discussed, and suggestions for future inquiry are made.