Neck and scleral hemorrhage in drowning

The determination of the cause and manner of death for a body recovered from the water can be difficult because of a lack of autopsy findings specific for drowning. This case report describes a 30-year-old man found submerged at the bottom of a hotel pool. An autopsy revealed scleral hemorrhages and fascial hemorrhages of multiple muscles of the anterior and posterior neck bilaterally. No evidence of traumatic injury was on the surface of the body. An investigation by law enforcement found no evidence of foul play. The occurrence of petechial and neck hemorrhage in a body recovered from the water is controversial, and a review of this literature will be given. We suggest that fascial hemorrhages of the muscles of the neck, as well as cephalic hemorrhages, can be explained by drowning-related elevated central venous pressure that is communicated to the head through the valveless veins of the neck.     

Evaluation of match criteria used for the comparison of refractive index of glass fragments

For comparative glass examinations, the refractive indices (RIs) of recovered glass fragments are often compared to a test interval defined by measurements from a broken glass object. RI measurements from five modern float glasses were used via resampling to assess the frequencies of false exclusion errors for eight test criteria as functions of the number of measurements. The test criteria were based on ranges, fixed intervals, and multiples of standard deviations of the known source measurements. The observed error rates for the eight tests studied are between zero and c. 35%, depending upon the match criteria, the number of measurements, and the RI distribution for a glass source. The results of this study can be used to predict the false exclusion rate for a test criterion under a given set of conditions or to select test criteria that result in a desired error rate for these typical sheet glasses.     

Evaluation of two instrumental methods of comparing writing paper

An organization had approved the sample of writing paper, and accordingly the supplier had to execute the supply. The supply received was suspected to be of different quality from approved one. The organization sent the samples for comparison to the Forensic Science Laboratory. Both the approved and supplied samples were compared using Tensile Testing Method with the Material Testing Machine and Fluorescence and spectral analysis using the Video Spectral Comparator (VSC2000). The difference between the mean loads at peak before rupture in the tensile testing mode for the two samples was about 33%. The two samples differed significantly in terms of UV fluorescence, and there was about 5% average difference in the percentage of maximum reflected intensity in the wavelength region of 400-900 nm. It has been observed in this study that these two methods can adequately distinguish paper samples of different origin.     

甘肃省区域创新能力影响因素分析

在经济全球化发展和区域竞争日益激烈的背景下,区域创新能力已经成为区域竞争力的核心内容。本文首先从知识创造能力、知识获取能力、企业技术创新能力、创新环境以及创新绩效五个方面分析了甘肃省区域创新能力的现状,然后运用多元回归分析法,对甘肃省区域创新能力进行实证分析,并对影响区域创新能力的诸要素进行分析和评价,最后,提出了提升甘肃省区域创新能力的对策建议。     

评价公民守法状况的另径探析

公民"守法"是依法治国中一个重要的环节,对于守法情况进行量化评估能够更好地反映法治的一个方面。引入"守法指数"的概念,用定量计算的方法来量化描述公民的守法情况,并依调查数据设计出计算公式对公民守法状况做出具体分析,可以更好地服务于法治社会的架构建设。     

中药复方对鸡免疫器官指数及IL-2表达的动态影响

将300只1日龄公雏鸡随机分为3组,两组分别给予中药方Ⅰ和方Ⅱ(由石膏、苍术、黄柏、藿香分别按质量比1∶1∶1∶1和0.5∶1∶1∶1比例组成,按体重0.3 mg/kg的剂量饮水),对照组按照常规方法饲养。分别于雏鸡第7、21、35、49日龄时,每组随机抽取5只鸡剖杀,取腔上囊、脾、胸腺测定免疫器官指数和IL-2平均阳性表达率,以探讨中药复方对雏鸡免疫器官指数及其IL-2表达的动态影响。结果显示,随着用药时间的增加,中药方Ⅰ和方Ⅱ可显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高腔上囊、脾和胸腺等免疫器官指数及其IL-2的平均阳性表达率,方Ⅰ对各免疫器官IL-2阳性表达率的影响最为显著(P<0.05)。证实该中药复方可促进雏鸡细胞免疫水平,增强其非特异性免疫功能,并促进免疫器官的发育。     

Transparency and corruption: Measuring real transparency by a new index

Despite the salience of transparency in policy and democracy debates a global measurement of transparency has always been missing. In its absence, measuring the impact of transparency on accountability and corruption for a large number of countries has been difficult, with scholars using more or less adequate proxies. This paper introduces a new measurement of real transparency—the T-index—using 14 de facto components, based on direct observations of official websites in 129 countries and five de jure components, based on the transparency laws and conventions adopted. The resulting index is a measurement with very good internal and external validity and moderate precision. The paper argues that de facto transparency must be considered alongside de jure (legal) transparency if we are to judge the impact (or lack of) transparency against accountability and corruption, as a large implementation gap exists, in particular in poor countries, between legal commitments and real transparency. The T-index has significant impact on both perception and objective indicators of corruption, including perceived change in corruption over time as measured by the Global Corruption Barometer. An analysis of outliers shows that high transparency alone is not sufficient to achieve control of corruption, especially in countries with low human development and poor rule of law, although transparency is a robust predictor of corruption with GDP controls. The data with all sources is available for download as T-index 2022 dataset: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7225627 and an interactive webpage developed for updates is available at www.corruptionrisk.org/transparency .     

检测浮游生物叶绿素相关基因诊断溺死的实验研究

目的评估浮游生物叶绿素相关基因检测用于溺死诊断的价值。方法将18只大白兔随机分为溺死组（n=10）、死后抛尸组（n=6）和对照组（n=2）,各组分别取心血及肺、肝、肾、脑组织,分离浮游生物并提取其DNA,用PCR技术检测叶绿素相关基因EG（EG1和EG2）及SK（SK1和SK2）。同时用硝酸消化法检验肺和肝组织中的硅藻。结果溺死组心血及肺、肝、肾、脑组织中EG1分别检出9、10、9、7和8例阳性,EG2分别检出8、10、7、5和7例阳性;死后抛尸组仅在心血和肺组织中各检出1例EG1阳性;对照组各组织均未检出EG1和EG2。SK1、SK2除在溺死组心血、肺和肾有少数检出外（≤2例）,在其他组未检出扩增产物。硝酸消化法从溺死组肺、肝组织中分别有9例及3例检出硅藻,死后抛尸组仅在1例肺组织中检出。结论浮游生物叶绿素相关基因EG用于溺死诊断的阳性检出率要高于硝酸消化法,在溺死诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

股指下降期价量关系及底部区域价量弹性预测

基于趋势原理可从股票成交量中分解出促进下降的成交量,再依据经济学弹性概念可建立价量弹性系数来反映股票价量之间的匹配关系.研究表明:促进下降的成交量是收益的Granger原因,在股指下降期间是此成交量导致了股票价格继续下降;同时,由于股指下降期的底部区域会通过价量关系表现出来,通过考察价量弹性系数指标的变动,股指下降期的底部区域是完全可以预测的.     

唾液酸和糖胺多糖在鸡慢性氟中毒早期诊断中的意义

为探讨唾液酸(SA)、糖胺多糖(GAG)在鸡慢性氟中毒早期诊断中的意义,以期筛选出诊断慢性氟中毒早期的敏感指标,选用250只1日龄罗曼蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组50只,饲喂相同的全价日粮.Ⅰ组为正常对照组,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组在日粮中添加不同水平的氟化钠,使日粮中氟含量分别为500、1000、1500和2000mg/kg,试验期为150 d,每隔30 d采集血样1次,测定血清中氟、SA、GAG的含量,观察试验鸡的临床表现.结果,试验成功地复制出不同程度的鸡慢性氟中毒模型;饲料中所加氟量与血清中氟含量呈明显的剂量-效应关系;氟中毒组鸡血清中SA含量均低于对照组,而血清中GAG含量则均高于对照组;血清中氟含量与SA含量呈显著的负相关(r=-0.773,P＜0.01),与GAG含量则呈显著的正相关(r=0.798,P＜0.01);各中毒组SA/GAG值与正常值相比降低30%以上.由此可见,氟中毒可明显影响机体内SA、GAG的代谢,血清中SA、GAG含量的变化可灵敏地反映氟对机体的损伤情况.可将SA/GAG值降低30%或更多作为鸡慢性氟中毒的敏感、可靠的早期诊断指标.