关于计算机技术图书分类标引的一点看法

本文从文献分类实践角度,对计算机技术图书分类标引进行探讨,并给出对策与实例。     

两个个体间常用亲缘关系指数的统一算法

目的 介绍仅有两名被鉴定人时二者间常见亲缘关系指数的统一算法.方法 以ITO法计算二联体亲权指数(paternity index in duos,PID)、全同胞指数(full sibling index,FSI)、半同胞指数(half sibling index,HSI)、叔侄指数(avuncular index,A...     

三联体亲权指数的统一算法及其扩展应用

目的介绍一种在生母参与情形下,孩子与被鉴定人间常用亲缘关系指数的统一算法。方法以计算三联体亲权指数（paternity index in trios,PIT）的公式为基础,分析不同亲缘关系指数计算公式中的公因子,并以此公因子对不同情形下PIT计算公式进行统一描述,采用叔伯指数定律和亲缘系数（r）将上述PIT统一计算公式扩展至祖孙、半同胞、叔侄及第一代堂兄弟等不同情形下的亲缘关系指数的运算。结果以状态一致性等位基因的频率倒数加1为公因子,在引入亲缘系数（r）的情形下,获得了可计算在生母参与时,孩子与被鉴定人间任意亲缘关系指数的两个公式。结论在生母参与情形下,孩子与被鉴定人间亲缘关系指数的统一算法简化了运算过程,有利于编程实现批量计算。     

Virtual autopsy and forensic identification-practical application: a report of one case

The body of an unidentified elderly woman was found trapped in a floodgate. Prior to autopsy, full-body multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was performed for study of bone lesions and cause of death. Age was estimated by analysis of the sternal end of the fourth rib and of the pubic symphyseal medial articular surfaces. The results were then compared with the autopsy findings. MSCT was superior to autopsy in diagnosis of traumatic bone lesions and also revealed dental anomalies and signs of drowning. Age estimation gave a similar result for both methods. This case report illustrates the potential value of MSCT for medico-legal investigations of death: diagnosis of injuries, possibility of determining the cause of death, and anthropological study in order to estimate age or to visualize features likely to enable identification of a corpse.     

Comparison between Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Bacterial 16S rDNA and Diatom Test for Diagnosis of Drowning

When a body is discovered in water, it is difficult to conclude whether the cause of death was drowning, even today. Although diatom testing by the digestive method is classical, we hypothesized that aquatic bacteria, as well as diatoms, might be detected in drowned bodies, and conducted temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE)‐targeting 16S rDNA. DNA was extracted from the site water, and from heart blood and liver samples from 27 bodies concluded as drowning deaths by autopsy and subjected to TGGE after amplification of 16S rDNA by polymerase chain reaction. We observed whether the feature point of each 16S rDNA from the site water and blood or liver samples matched. Considerably higher correspondence was observed in drowned bodies, and the rate was higher than that achieved with the digestive method. Moreover, TGGE is safer than the digestive method. Our study suggests that this method can aid diagnosis of drowning.     

Temporal Trends in Rainwater Tank Suicides in Rijeka,Croatia—A 30‐year Study

Although drowning in rainwater tanks is a generally rare phenomenon, this method for suicide has been observed in parts of Croatia. Review of autopsy records at the University of Rijeka, Croatia, was undertaken from 1987 to 2016 to examine this phenomenon. Of 469 drowning deaths, there were 35 suicides in rainwater tanks (7.5%). Overall drowning deaths showed no temporal trends. In contrast, suicidal drownings in rain water tanks showed a marked decline over the years, with 15 cases in 1987–1991, seven in 1992–1996, six in 1997–2001, six in 2002–2006, one in 2007–2011, and none in 2012–2016. Thus, suicidal drowning cases as a percentage of overall drownings dropped from 18% to zero (p<0.001). This study reports a very unusual method of suicide that may have occurred because of the ready availability of large water reservoirs in homes. The recent fall in numbers may relate to less reliance on domestic reservoirs of water.     

宁波甬江水域夏冬季节溺死兔内脏硅藻16SrDNA的鉴定

目的采用PCR法检测夏季7月和冬季12月宁波甬江水域溺死家兔内脏组织中硅藻16SrDNA,评估其在夏季7月和冬季12月溺死鉴定中的应用价值。方法于夏季7月和冬季12月分别选取30只大白兔,总计60只大白兔,随机分为溺死组(n=10)、死后入水组(n=10)、空气栓塞组(n=10)。各组分别提取心、肝、肺、肾组织,应用PCR技术检测上述兔内脏硅藻16SrDNA。结果与死后入水组比较,夏季7月兔溺死组心、肝、肺、肾组织中硅藻16SrDNA检出率明显增高(P<0.05);而冬季12月溺死组仅心、肺组织中检见硅藻16SrDNA,与死后入水组比较无明显差异(P>0.05);夏季7月溺死兔组心、肝、肺、肾组织中硅藻16SrDNA检出率明显高于冬季季12月溺死兔组(P<0.05);夏季7月和冬季12月空气栓塞组心、肝、肺、肾组织中硅藻16SrDNA均未检出。结论宁波甬江水域夏季溺死兔中硅藻16SrDNA检出率高,PCR技术可用于溺死诊断;而冬季硅藻16SrDNA检出率低,运用该技术诊断溺死应慎重。     

Are you sitting comfortably? Estimating incumbency advantage in the UK: 1983–2010 – A research note

This note adapts two models commonly used to estimate the incumbency advantage that US members of Congress enjoy – the ‘slurge’ and the Gelman-King Index – to provide comparable estimates for UK MPs. The results show that Liberal Democrats enjoy extremely large such advantages on a par with those of US Congressmen of between 5% and 15% of the vote. Labour and the Conservatives have incumbency advantages at around 2% and 1% respectively. The note estimates that effects could have changed the outcome in as many as 25 seats in some elections, and that they cost the Conservatives the chance to govern alone after the 2010 election.     

Local Party System Nationalisation: Does Municipal Size Matter?

Local party systems are not necessarily copies of their country's national party system. Some national parties do not field candidates in all municipalities, while in other municipalities there are non-partisan lists/local parties. In this article it is hypothesised that the larger the municipality (in number of inhabitants), the more the local party system will resemble the national party system (and vice versa). The hypothesis is tested using data from the 2001 local elections in Denmark. For this purpose, an index of local party system nationalisation is developed. The index is formulated in general terms so as to make it applicable in other settings and in comparisons between countries and over time.     

基于过程管理的城市灾害应急管理综合能力评价体系研究

城市灾害应急管理综合能力是衡量该地区城市灾害管理水平的重要指标,建立科学合理的城市灾害应急管理能力综合评价体系是城市灾害管理的重要课题。本文借鉴了国内外城市灾害应急管理能力的研究成果,建立了基于过程管理的城市灾害应急管理综合能力评价体系,该系统包括灾前预警能力评价、灾中应急能力评价和灾后恢复能力评价等三个分系统以及12个子系统,并用综合评价表对政府部门的应急反应能力进行了实证分析。