Sex determination from hand and foot dimensions in a North Indian population

Hands and feet are often recovered from the site of natural as well as man-made disasters because of bomb blasts, train accidents, plane crashes, or mass homicides. This study is intended to establish standards for determination of sex from the dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population. The data for this study comprise 123 men and 123 women aged between 17 and 20 years from the "Rajput" population of Himachal Pradesh in North India. Four anthropometric measurements viz. hand length, hand breadth, foot length, and foot breadth have been taken on both sides of each subject following international anthropometric standards. The hand index (hand breadth/hand length × 100) and the foot index (foot breadth/foot length × 100) were calculated. Sectioning points and regression models are derived for the hand and foot dimensions and the derived indices. The hand and foot dimensions show a higher accuracy in sex determination by sectioning point analysis when compared to hand and foot index. Of the hand and the foot dimensions, hand breadth and foot breadth showed better accuracy in sex determination. Hand index and foot index remain poor sex discriminators in the study.     

Neck and scleral hemorrhage in drowning

The determination of the cause and manner of death for a body recovered from the water can be difficult because of a lack of autopsy findings specific for drowning. This case report describes a 30-year-old man found submerged at the bottom of a hotel pool. An autopsy revealed scleral hemorrhages and fascial hemorrhages of multiple muscles of the anterior and posterior neck bilaterally. No evidence of traumatic injury was on the surface of the body. An investigation by law enforcement found no evidence of foul play. The occurrence of petechial and neck hemorrhage in a body recovered from the water is controversial, and a review of this literature will be given. We suggest that fascial hemorrhages of the muscles of the neck, as well as cephalic hemorrhages, can be explained by drowning-related elevated central venous pressure that is communicated to the head through the valveless veins of the neck.     

Evaluation of match criteria used for the comparison of refractive index of glass fragments

For comparative glass examinations, the refractive indices (RIs) of recovered glass fragments are often compared to a test interval defined by measurements from a broken glass object. RI measurements from five modern float glasses were used via resampling to assess the frequencies of false exclusion errors for eight test criteria as functions of the number of measurements. The test criteria were based on ranges, fixed intervals, and multiples of standard deviations of the known source measurements. The observed error rates for the eight tests studied are between zero and c. 35%, depending upon the match criteria, the number of measurements, and the RI distribution for a glass source. The results of this study can be used to predict the false exclusion rate for a test criterion under a given set of conditions or to select test criteria that result in a desired error rate for these typical sheet glasses.     

Evaluation of two instrumental methods of comparing writing paper

An organization had approved the sample of writing paper, and accordingly the supplier had to execute the supply. The supply received was suspected to be of different quality from approved one. The organization sent the samples for comparison to the Forensic Science Laboratory. Both the approved and supplied samples were compared using Tensile Testing Method with the Material Testing Machine and Fluorescence and spectral analysis using the Video Spectral Comparator (VSC2000). The difference between the mean loads at peak before rupture in the tensile testing mode for the two samples was about 33%. The two samples differed significantly in terms of UV fluorescence, and there was about 5% average difference in the percentage of maximum reflected intensity in the wavelength region of 400-900 nm. It has been observed in this study that these two methods can adequately distinguish paper samples of different origin.     

甘肃省区域创新能力影响因素分析

在经济全球化发展和区域竞争日益激烈的背景下,区域创新能力已经成为区域竞争力的核心内容。本文首先从知识创造能力、知识获取能力、企业技术创新能力、创新环境以及创新绩效五个方面分析了甘肃省区域创新能力的现状,然后运用多元回归分析法,对甘肃省区域创新能力进行实证分析,并对影响区域创新能力的诸要素进行分析和评价,最后,提出了提升甘肃省区域创新能力的对策建议。     

评价公民守法状况的另径探析

公民"守法"是依法治国中一个重要的环节,对于守法情况进行量化评估能够更好地反映法治的一个方面。引入"守法指数"的概念,用定量计算的方法来量化描述公民的守法情况,并依调查数据设计出计算公式对公民守法状况做出具体分析,可以更好地服务于法治社会的架构建设。     

检测浮游生物叶绿素相关基因诊断溺死的实验研究

目的评估浮游生物叶绿素相关基因检测用于溺死诊断的价值。方法将18只大白兔随机分为溺死组（n=10）、死后抛尸组（n=6）和对照组（n=2）,各组分别取心血及肺、肝、肾、脑组织,分离浮游生物并提取其DNA,用PCR技术检测叶绿素相关基因EG（EG1和EG2）及SK（SK1和SK2）。同时用硝酸消化法检验肺和肝组织中的硅藻。结果溺死组心血及肺、肝、肾、脑组织中EG1分别检出9、10、9、7和8例阳性,EG2分别检出8、10、7、5和7例阳性;死后抛尸组仅在心血和肺组织中各检出1例EG1阳性;对照组各组织均未检出EG1和EG2。SK1、SK2除在溺死组心血、肺和肾有少数检出外（≤2例）,在其他组未检出扩增产物。硝酸消化法从溺死组肺、肝组织中分别有9例及3例检出硅藻,死后抛尸组仅在1例肺组织中检出。结论浮游生物叶绿素相关基因EG用于溺死诊断的阳性检出率要高于硝酸消化法,在溺死诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

Personality,socioeconomics and crime: An international comparison

Abstract

Data from 37 countries were collected that permitted exploratory analysis of national profiles in terms of personality dimensions: psychoticism (P); extraversion (E); and neuroticism (N) and four socioeconomic indices: gross domestic product (GDP); human development index (HDI); economic growth (EG); and family size (FS) and their relationship to rates of criminal activity. Findings indicated that the socioeconomic indicators did correlate with national crime patterns. High crime nations were more likely to be the richer, industrialised countries having smalles average family size. Personality variables proved more elusive. P surprisingly was not correlated with incidence of crime rather E appeared mast closely linked to rate and type of crime. Findings are discussed in terms of measurement error and possible explanatory mechanisms.     

歧义结构的歧义指数

歧义指数包括歧义句型的歧义指数P1和歧义句例的歧义指数P2 ,P1值在较大程度上决定P2 值。由同一歧义句型生成的歧义句例 ,它们的歧义指数P2 会各不相同。分析歧义指数对研究歧义度具有重要意义。     

股指下降期价量关系及底部区域价量弹性预测

基于趋势原理可从股票成交量中分解出促进下降的成交量,再依据经济学弹性概念可建立价量弹性系数来反映股票价量之间的匹配关系.研究表明:促进下降的成交量是收益的Granger原因,在股指下降期间是此成交量导致了股票价格继续下降;同时,由于股指下降期的底部区域会通过价量关系表现出来,通过考察价量弹性系数指标的变动,股指下降期的底部区域是完全可以预测的.