大学生自杀行为探析

文章通过社会调查与资料采集 ,对当代大学生的轻生自杀行为进行分析、研究 ,并提请大学生、家庭、学校、社会的关注 ,加强安全教育与防范。     

On Correcting Biases in Self-Reports of Age at First Substance Use with Repeated Cross-Section Analysis

Household survey data on age at first use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana,and hard drugs can be biased due to sample selection and inaccuraterecall. One potential concern is attrition, whereby individuals who getinvolved with substance use at an early age become increasingly less likelyto be surveyed in successive years. A comparison of data from the NationalHousehold Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) with data from a longitudinal studysuggested that attrition might have caused substantially less bias thandid forward telescoping, the inflating of age at first useover time. The evidence of forward telescoping was particularly pronouncedwith respect to age at first use of alcohol. This paper presents a procedurefor correcting the distribution of age at first use for forward telescoping(but not attrition) by viewing a portion of the NHSDA data collected insuccessive years as constituting a cohort study. Results are presented fromapplying this procedure with NHSDA data collected from 1982 to 1995 forrespondents born 1968–1973. The findings suggest that preventionprograms need to be introduced at an earlier age than would be indicatedby uncorrected retrospective data. Other implications are alsohighlighted.     

体外培养FBs损伤模型的建立及细胞免疫组化研究

首次应用培养人胎肺成纤维细胞 (FBs)损伤模型 ,体外研究创缘FBs合成细胞型纤维连接蛋白 (cellu larfibronectins,cFn)的变化与损伤时间的关系。结果表明 ,损伤使处于静息状态的融合FBs成为具有运动能力和增殖能力的活跃细胞。应用免疫组化ABC法结合图像分析技术 ,观察伤后不同时间创缘FBs内cFn的含量变化。伤后 1h ,可以检测到cFn有变化 ,且在伤后 6h内 ,cFn逐渐增多 ,其变化与损伤时间呈正相关。这对今后应用cFn与损伤时间推断的研究提供了科学依据 ,同时为法医学损伤时间研究开辟了新的途径。     

“My Kids,They Safe.”: Lived Experiences of Parents Receiving Child Neglect Allegations

Abstract

This study aims to explore parents’ lived experiences of receiving child neglect allegations and how they make sense of these experiences. The sample consists of parents who participated in a family preservation program following allegations of child neglect. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings suggest that parents resist neglect allegations, both by denial and minimization, partly due to their lack of clear understanding of what constitutes child neglect. Further, parents in this study tended to be reactive to meanings ascribed to the label of child neglect rather than the allegations per se. They seemed to experience internal conflict between their positive evaluations of their own parenting and what their neglect allegations might imply about their parenting. Parents also experienced emotional distress, such as concern about social stigma and fear of losing their parental rights, as they tried to make sense of their current situations. Suggested implications for practice include exploring parents’ subjective understanding of their allegations and considering their unique familial and sociocultural contexts from the outset of their involvement with child protective services (CPS) in order to build a collaborative working alliance.     

School-related victimizations among adolescents: An analysis of National Crime Survey (NCS) narratives

This paper uses a heretofore untapped source of information in the National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data—the interviewer narratives—to explore school-related victimizations among adolescents. These narrative reports provide important information bearing on lifestyle and routine activity theories of victimization that is simply not available from the more familiar, highly structured portions of the NCS questionnaire. The NCS narratives suggest that a large proportion of school-related victimizations stems from peer interactions that occur in the course of routine daily activities and escalate into victimizations. Students represent pools of both potential offenders and potential victims who come in frequent contact with each other, often in the absence of capable guardians. However, rather than predatory, calculated attempts to harm, school-related victimizations among adolescents appear to consist primarily of bullying, injured pride, and misguided mischief. The theoretical and methodological implications of this study are highlighted.     

Measurement Properties of the Communities That Care<Superscript>®</Superscript> Youth Survey Across Demographic Groups

Prevention science has produced information about risk and protective factors that predict adolescent drug use and related problem behaviors. This paper investigates the Communities That Care Youth Survey that measures multiple risk and protective factors. Using a sample of 172,628 students who participated in surveys administered in seven states in 1998, analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of these risk and protective factors and to test the equivalence of the factor models across five racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans), four grade levels (6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th) and both gender groups. Results support the construct validity of the surveys risk and protective factor scales and indicate that the measures are equally reliable across males and females and five racial/ethnic groups. Implications of these findings for science-based prevention planning are discussed.     

海洛因慢性依赖大鼠神经元一氧化氮合成酶变化

目的 研究海洛因药物滥用致脑神经细胞一氧化氮合成酶(ncNOS)表达的变化及法医学鉴定意义。方法 采用ncNOS免疫组织化学SP法、ncNOS mRNA原位分子杂交及图像分析技术,观察大鼠海洛因慢性依赖和自然戒断大脑皮质、中脑导水管周围灰质和中脑腹侧被盖区神经细胞ncNOS的变化和ncNOSmRNA的表达。结果 实验组神经细胞ncNOS含量和ncNOS mRNA表达比对照组明显增加,阳性细胞数明显增多;自然戒断组较慢性依赖组改变更加明显(P<0.05)。结论 ncNOS在海洛因慢性依赖和戒断中起重要作用,脑神经细胞ncNOS免疫组织化学变化可作为海洛因药物滥用法医学鉴定的形态学依据。     

毒品案件证据的法律适用--"毒品案件证据研究"课题组四川调研综述

毒品案件具有其自身的特殊性和侦查的特点,用事实推定原则来认定持有毒品人"明知".在证据尚不能证明行为人是为运输、贩卖时,才能按非法持有毒品罪论处;随时把证据固定下来用以证实犯罪,对技侦手段获取的证据,通过审批程序,步入法制化;对"特情"卧底取得的证据以变更方式处理.     

"相关市场"界定的困惑与解析

在反垄断法上,"相关市场"的界定往往是展开竞争分析的出发点和前提.为了使其界定的结果更加符合实际情况,各国的执法机构在实践中纷纷引入经济分析的方法,并且总结出了许多界定的规则,但是由于经济生活的极度复杂性,使得这一界定过程充满了不确定的因素.加之考虑到司法成本的投入和法官素质要求过高等限制性条件,要想精确地界定"相关市场"的边界便显得十分困难.     

积极推进禁吸戒毒“外转内”工作努力实现社会面上无吸毒人员的目标

处在全国禁毒前沿的云南公安机关在总结 10多年来禁吸戒毒工作经验中由基层首创、并进行试点的基础上 ,走出了一条“外循环”转“内循环” ,实行劳动康复管理模式的禁吸戒毒工作新路子。自 2 0 0 1年全省推行对吸毒人员的收戒方式“外转内”以来 ,实践证明 :工作开展好的地方 ,通过全员收戒吸毒人员 ,实现社会面上无吸毒人员的目标 ,就能够遏制社会面上的毒品需求 ,有利于逐年减少吸毒人员 ,为创建“无毒县市”、“无毒乡镇”、“无毒社区”奠定良好的基础 ,促进整个禁毒斗争的顺利开展。