对社区戒毒工作的思考及建议——以贵州“阳光工程”为视角简

贵州“阳光工程”社区戒毒的工作模式对吸毒人员就业安置、帮教管理、回归社会等方面进行了积极的探索,取得一定成效,但也存在可持续性发展不足、社区专门禁毒力量不够、社区戒毒专业化服务不足的问题对此,应通过吸引更多企业参与,维持其可持续发展.要注重建设质量,避免急于扩大安置规模通过引入个案管理的方式,做精细化管理.同时加强戒毒专干队伍建设,培育社会公益组织及专业人员.     

规范学视野中毒品刑法泛犯罪化与重刑化的反思

在当前毒品问题情势下,应避免泛犯罪化思维,修改"无论数量多少,都应当追究刑事责任"之规定;基于罪刑均衡的要求,应当区分毒品种类与纯度而进行定罪量刑。     

毒品“合法化”论批判

毒品“合法化”问题一直以来是世界各国，尤其是欧美国家在禁毒领域争论的一个热点。支持毒品“合法化”的观点尚须分析，其理论依据可资批判，不能因为毒品“合法化”理论片面的合理性，就否定人类对待毒品的另一种理性态度——禁毒。如果仅仅因为能够消除毒品黑市、减少政府对禁毒的投入而改变毒品是否合法的属性，可能整个社会将会为此付出更多、更沉重的代价。     

An Interactional Perspective of Intimate Partner Violence: An In-depth Semi-structured Interview of a Representative Sample of Help-seeking Women

This article reports a study of women victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV). We describe three interactional aspects of IPV: (1) responses and conduct before, during, and after IPV episodes, (2) impact of alcohol and drug intoxication, and (3) Predictors of risk for IPV victimization in more than one partnership. A representative sample of 157 help-seeking women, recruited from family counseling offices, the police and shelters, were interviewed about physical, psychological and sexual IPV. The nature and characteristics of the IPV interactions were complex and heterogeneous. There were significant interactional differences between the IPV categories concerning the women’s responses and conduct before, during and after the IPV. The impact of alcohol and drug intoxication was relatively small on the occurrence of IPV. About 75% reported that neither the perpetrator nor the female victim had consumed alcohol or drugs before the index IPV exposure. Only 23% of the women had experienced IPV by previous partners. Women who had been subjected to sexual abuse in their family of origin were at almost 25 times increased risk of IPV victimization in more than one partnership. Childhood exposure to physical IPV between parents increased the risk of IPV victimization in more than one partnership significantly more than if the woman had been subject to childhood physical victimization.     

近十年内我国新型毒品滥用问题的总体变化趋势

近年来,我国毒品滥用的种类发生了很大变化。在海洛因大量滥用的同时,冰毒、摇头丸、氯胺酮（俗称K粉）等新型毒品从沿海地区迅速向全国蔓延,大有取代传统毒品海洛因成为吸毒者最主要消费品之势。为引起广泛关注,揭开隐蔽的面纱,文章就滥用新型毒品的人数、吸食群体的年龄结构、新型毒品的种类及吸食场所等方面论述了我国近10年（2001-2010年）来新型毒品变化的总体趋势,并针对这些问题提出了预防、控制、打击等相关对策建议。     

Violent Conduct and Victimization Risk in the Urban Illicit Drug Economy: A Prospective Examination

A small but growing body of criminological research examines the nature of social control mechanisms in the context of urban illicit drug markets in order to understand patterns of violence. Several studies find that merchants operating in this economy experience relatively high rates of violent victimization. Existing theoretical and empirical research suggests, however, that an aggressive posture serves a deterrent function in the illicit marketplace. Merchants with a violent persona will have significantly lower rates of victimization compared to their less-violent counterparts. Using a within-person design applied to prospective longitudinal data from a sample of urban males, this paper examines the proposition that violent conduct attenuates the relationship between participation in the illicit drug marketplace and risk for violent victimization. Combined, the results offer partial support for this proposition. We discuss the implications of this study for research on violent behavior, illegal drug markets, and victimization.     

Orphan drug incentives in the pharmacogenomic context: policy responses in the US and Canada

Advances in pharmacogenomic research and increasing industry interest in personalized medicine have important implications for the way that orphan drug policies are interpreted and applied. Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of pharmacogenomics and new genomic technologies on our understanding of how disease categories are delineated, and subsequently, how the concept of rare disease should be defined for the purposes of orphan drug policies. This article considers whether orphan drug legislation can be drafted in a way that will maximize benefits and minimize concerns relating to the impact of pharmacogenomics on orphan drug research and development. After reviewing the issues that may arise at the intersection of orphan drug policies and pharmacogenomics, this article will discuss the potential impact of pharmacogenomics at two critical points: orphan designation and approval of the drug product. At each of these points, the relevant aspects of current US orphan drug legislation are examined, focusing on the extent to which recent amendments may address concerns that have been raised previously. This analysis will then provide the foundation for a critical review and recommendations regarding the proposed new Canadian orphan drug framework.     

Ethical and legal consideration of prisoner's hunger strike in Serbia

Hunger strike of prisoners and detainees remains a major human rights and ethical issue for medical professionals. We are reporting on a case of a 48-year-old male sentenced prisoner, intravenous heroin user, who went on a hunger strike and died 15 days later. Throughout the fasting period, the prisoner, who was capable of decision making, refused any medical examination. Autopsy findings were not supporting prolonged starvation, while toxicology revealed benzodiazepines and opiates in blood and urine. Cause of death was given as "heroin intoxication" in keeping with detection of 6-MAM. Legal and ethical issues pertinent to medical examination and treatment of prisoners on hunger strike are explored in accordance with legislation and professional ethical standards in Serbia. A recommendation for the best autopsy practice in deaths following hunger strike has been made.