对打击有组织毒品犯罪的思考

打击有组织毒品犯罪是当前公安禁毒工作的一个重要的课题,它的重点在于抓获毒枭,实现控制下的交付,并采取金融调查的方法,同时,通过区域禁毒协作是必要的。抓获毒枭可使整个毒品犯罪组织坍塌;控制下交付可将毒贩一网打尽;金融调查,收缴毒资可发现线索、釜底抽薪;区域协作可对跨区毒贩组织形成威慑。     

广东毒品犯罪的现状与对策研究

由于国际毒潮的渗透、影响,国内毒品问题严重地区的辐射、互动和省内毒品消费市场的形成、拉动,目前广东是“金三角”海洛因向国内分销的中转集散地,是国内冰毒、摇头丸等新型毒品制造、贩卖、销售最活跃的地区之一,毒品违法犯罪活动呈全面扩散、多元发展态势,制贩毒品犯罪趋于集团化、武装化,藏毒手法和运毒方式日益智能化。对此,应从广泛深入发动群众,拓展禁毒宣传教育的深度和广度;依法从重从快严厉打击毒品犯罪;夯实禁毒工作基础,完善长效缉毒机制;严格落实吸毒人员全员收戒的措施等方面全力遏制毒品来源和吸毒人员的滋生,为构建和谐广东创造良好的社会环境。     

查处毒品犯罪在运用证据方面的难点

证据运用是查处毒品犯罪执法工作的主要内容和手段。从对数百个典型案例的分析看,目前在运用证据查处毒品犯罪方面主要存在十个问题。尽快寻找对策,解决这些问题,才能保证禁毒工作顺利开展。     

吸毒后驾驶危险性问题的实证分析

近年来一个新名词"毒驾"逐渐进入人们的视野,毒驾行为是指非医疗目的服用国家管制的精神药品和麻醉药品后驾驶机动车的行为。毒驾肇事呈爆发式的增长,严重威胁着道路交通安全和社会的和谐稳定,关于毒驾是否应该和酒驾一样入刑已成为社会广泛关注的话题,并引发各界的热议。分析吸毒驾驶的危害性以及在实践中查处毒驾所面临的困境,可以在推动"毒驾"入刑的过程中发挥积极作用。     

Mobilizing drug policy activism: conferences,convergence spaces and ephemeral fixtures in social movement mobilization

This paper explores the role of conferences as “convergence space”: temporary events with lasting material effects. Drawing on three harm reduction conferences occurring between 2011 and 2012, I argue that conferences are both ephemeral fixtures in the landscape of policy activism, and are important nodes through which policy mobilization occurs. Conference spaces provide opportunities for ideas to be shared, produced and advocated. They serve as important sites for the construction of relationships that are required to form and maintain policy advocacy networks and harness political opportunity structures for drug policy reform.     

Manners of Death in Drug‐Related Fatalities in Florida

To understand the mortality patterns among drug users and potential risk factors, we evaluated drug‐related deaths reported to the Florida Medical Examiners Commission from 2001 to 2013, by substances, demographics, and manner of death. The annual drug‐related fatalities increased by 57% from 2001 to 2013 (total n = 100,882); 51.8% were accidental, 7.9% homicide, 18.6% natural, and 19.6% suicide. The different manners of death exhibited distinct demographic profiles and drug composition. The gender gap was more prominent in homicide. Age ≥55 years was more closely associated with natural death and suicide. Age <35 years and central nervous system (CNS) stimulants including amphetamines and cocaine showed higher relative risks for accidental death and homicide, whereas CNS depressants including benzodiazepines, carisoprodol, opioids, and zolpidem were more strongly associated with accidental death and/or suicide. The findings aid in identifying populations more vulnerable to drug‐related deaths, developing targeted interventions and thereby improving efficiency of preventive efforts.     

Fatal Intoxications Due to Administration of Isosorbide Tablets Contaminated with Pyrimethamine

In January 2012, 664 cases of pyrimethamine toxicity and 151 deaths were reported among cardiac patients that had recently received free medicines from pharmacy of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan. These patients, ages ranged from 58 to 75 years, were prescribed simvastatin, clopidogrel, aspirin soluble, isosorbide mononitrate, and amlodipine. On examination of medications being given to them, it was found that a particular batch of isosorbide mononitrate tablets was contaminated with 50 mg pyrimethamine. Cardiac patients were taking isosorbide contaminated with pyrimethamine twice daily (100 mg pyrimethamine/day), whereas therapeutic dose of pyrimethamine for malaria is 25 mg/week. Postmortem urine, cardiac blood, and femoral blood specimens of three deceased males were submitted to author's laboratory for analysis. Postmortem toxicological analysis revealed that pyrimethamine concentration fell within the range of 1–10 μg/mL by liquid chromatography. Clinical, autopsy, histopathological, and toxicological findings strongly suggested toxicity due to pyrimethamine accumulation that resulted in deaths of these cardiac patients.     

An Assessment of Juvenile Drug Courts’ Knowledge of Evidence‐Based Practices,Data Collection,and the Use of AA/NA

The use of evidence‐based practices (EBPs) has become a core component of juvenile drug courts (JDCs). This research, using a sample of JDCs listed with the National Association of Drug Court Professionals, tests two current assumptions in the field: 1) many JDCs do not use or are unaware of their use of EBPs and 2) JDCs tend to overuse sober support groups (e.g., AA/NA), which are thought to be inappropriate for youth. Results suggest that nearly all JDCs, in the sample, reported using EBPs; however, only about a quarter of them collected treatment data and knew the outcomes of the data. Also, only about half of the JDCs use sober support groups (predominantly AA/NA), and nearly all of the sober support groups were tailored toward youth. Overall, these findings suggest that the current assumptions in the field do not accurately reflect the practices reported by these JDCs. Implications are discussed.     

GC–MS analysis of eight aminoindanes using three derivatization reagents

Aminoindanes are a class of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) that have become more prevalent over the past decade. GC–MS is often utilized for identifying seized drugs and is well regarded for its ability to separate mixtures. However, certain aminoindanes have similar mass spectral data and require specific gas chromatographic stationary phases for separation. Derivatization is an alternative method that can be applied to GC–MS to enhance chromatographic results, providing more selective analysis in seized-drug identification. This study investigates derivatization techniques to provide options for forensic science laboratories in accurately identifying aminoindanes. Three derivatization reagents, N-methyl-bis(trifluoroacetamide) (MBTFA), heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), and ethyl chloroformate (ECF) were evaluated for the analysis of eight aminoindanes by GC–MS using two common gas chromatographic stationary phases, Rxi®-5Sil MS and Rxi®-1Sil MS. All three derivatization methods successfully isolated eight aminoindanes, including the isomers 4,5-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (4,5-MDAI), and 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (5,6-MDAI) that could not be differentiated prior to derivatization. Reduced peak tailing and increased abundance were observed after derivatization for all the compounds, and mass spectra of the derivatives contained individualizing fragment ions that allowed for further characterization of the aminoindanes. This excluded 4,5-MDAI and 5,6-MDAI as they shared the same characteristic ions and were only distinguishable by their retention times. All three derivatization techniques used in this study allow for successful characterization of the aminoindanes and give forensic science laboratories flexibility in their analysis approach when they encounter these compounds.