Drug counselling behind the prison wall: staff responses to collaborative challenges

In the last decade, 13 Drug Counselling Units (DCUs) have been established in Norwegian prisons. These units are to offer prisoners with substance use problems coordinated treatment and rehabilitation so they can better cope with their problems during imprisonment and after release. Key means in achieving these goals are to establish inter-agency collaboration between the prison service and the specialist health services. Psychologists, social workers and prison officers from these institutions are to form an inter-professional team in the collaborative process. This study explores the challenges these occupational groups face when they collaborate within this organizational frame. The results show that the occupational groups experience two of the same types of challenges, but that they respond differently to them. The pattern of responses impacts collaboration, both in positive and negative ways. However, all occupational groups endeavour to maintain a high standard within the institutional framework provided by the Norwegian prison system. This article discusses how the responses of the occupational groups in the collaborative processes in the DCUs are influenced by their affiliation to the DCUs, as well as the system of management and professional logic.     

司法反应:毒品犯罪生成的重要影响因素——从公安机关执法切入

公安执法的方式、途径、态度对毒品犯罪的生成具有不可忽视的影响作用。公安禁毒工作考核项目的设定或有违基本的经济规律或自相矛盾,运动式禁毒行动存在着人为增多毒品犯罪的风险。毒品案件侦查"经营"的迷局和秘密侦查手段的运用难免会泛化毒品犯罪的产生概率;而强制性的隔离并没有让吸毒人员远离毒品圈子,某种程度上还会助推他们从违法者转向犯罪者。面对持续恶化的毒情,定政府"本职"、还公安"本位",规范公安执法或能控制毒品犯罪的生成规模、类型及刑罚。     

论贩卖毒品中的居间行为

当前,在贩卖毒品过程中,居间行为较为常见,居间人从中进行沟通、撮合,促成了毒品交易的实现和毒品的流通。贩卖毒品中的居间行为在理论上的认识与实践中的适用均存在一定的争议与困惑。对居间行为的理解与定性,要综合考虑居间人的主观认识、客观行为以及所起到的作用,综合全案进行定性。在居间人明知他人实施毒品犯罪而仍然实施居间行为的,可以以相关毒品犯罪的共犯论处。     

戒毒康复人员回归社会的理论与实践研究——以广东三水康复苑为考察对象

戒毒康复事业是一项全新的事业,广东三水康复苑在实践中积累了很好的经验,并成为全国推广的"三水经验"。在戒毒康复人员回归社会的工作上,广东三水康复苑做了可贵的探索,取得了成功经验。     

4F‐MDMB‐BINACA: A New Synthetic Cannabinoid Widely Implicated in Forensic Casework

This is the first report regarding the characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA. 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA was first analytically confirmed in seized drug material using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Subsequent to this characterization, 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA was detected in biological specimens collected as part of forensically relevant casework, including medicolegal death investigations and drug impaired driving investigations, from a variety of regions in the United States. Further analysis of biological specimens resulted in the identification of the metabolites 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA 3,3‐dimethylbutanoic acid and 4‐OH‐MDMB‐BINACA. 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA is appearing with increasing frequency as a contributory factor in deaths, creating morbidity and mortality risks for drug users. Laboratories must be aware of its presence and impact, incorporating 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA into workflows for detection and confirmation.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法筛查鉴定203种毒品

目的建立203种毒品的液相色谱-串联质谱筛查鉴定方法。方法选用Accucore TM Phenyl/Hexyl苯基己基柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)为色谱柱,柱温50℃,以甲醇乙腈混合溶剂(体积比1:1,含0.1%甲酸和2 mmol/L甲酸铵)、水(含0.1%甲酸和2 mmol/L甲酸铵)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL/min。质谱采用电喷雾正离子模式(ESI+)进行离子化,使用多反应监测(MRM)模式采集数据,总分析时间14 min。结果该方法实现了203种毒品的筛查鉴定分析,各目标物的方法检出限均为10 ng/mL。结论建立的筛查鉴定方法具有快速、准确、灵敏等优点,能够满足禁毒工作的日常需要。     

Assessing the Relationship between Immigration Status and Drug Use

The immigration–crime connection has been the basis for numerous immigration policy decisions. However, there are theoretical arguments and empirical evidence both for and against the positive relationship between immigration and crime. Moreover, much of this research has failed to focus specifically on illegal immigrants. The current study examines drug use patterns among 3,050 recently booked arrestees in Maricopa County, Arizona, from April 2007 to September 2008. Using logistic regression, the authors isolate the effects of immigration status on several types of drug use while controlling for relevant individual and situational characteristics. Findings show that illegal immigrants are generally less likely to use drugs when compared to US citizens, with the exception of powder cocaine use. The paper concludes with a discussion of the study's implications for the larger body of research on immigration and crime, as well for immigration and enforcement policy and practice.     

On the Limits of Social Control: Structural Deterrence and the Policing of “Suppressible” Crimes

The present study examined the relationships between patterns of police arrests and subsequent variations in robbery, burglary, and aggravated assault in New York City police precincts from 1989 to 1998. Grounded in the structural deterrence theoretical perspective, and using a two‐stage fixed‐effects statistical framework, the study found that while controlling for indicators of social disorganization, increases in arrest vigor (i.e., arrests per officer for violent crimes in each precinct and raw arrest counts) predicted decreases in robbery and burglary, but that the relationships were non‐linear: as arrest vigor increased, robbery and burglary crime decreased; when arrest thresholds were reached, however, both robbery and burglary crime rates became positively associated with arrest aggressiveness. Conversely, variations in aggressive arrest patterns had no significant effect on aggravated assault, supporting the suppressible crimes arguments that primarily economically motivated crimes, and those that tend to occur in public settings, are most likely deterred by aggressive police practices.     

常见毒品GC/FID定量分析方法

目的采用GC/FID方法对5种常见毒品进行定量分析。方法在1mL含有甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、氯胺酮、海洛因及6-乙酰吗啡的混合标准溶液中加入500μg/mL C17内标物20μL,用GC/FID方法定量测定。结果在加标量为62.5μg/mL、125μg/mL、250μg/mL的标准溶液中,5种分析物的回收率为84.3%～110%,日内6次测定的RSD≤5.6%,日间5次测定RSD≤5.4%,线性范围为6.25μg/mL～500μg/mL,检出限为0.1μg/mL～0.3μg/mL,用所建立的GC/FID定量方法对案件样品进行定量分析,同一样品平行测定两次结果相对相差小于7.7%。结论该方法适合于常见毒品的定量分析。     

毒品走私案件取证中存在的问题及对策

在对毒品走私案件的现场勘查取证和侦办中,存在的一些问题,直接导致了该案件被退回补充侦查或未被批准逮捕,甚至检察院不起诉或法院不予认定的情况,降低了案件承办部门的办案效率,增大了侦查资源的投入,进而影响对毒品走私犯罪的打击力度。本文对毒品走私犯罪案件取证中存在的问题进行探讨,并从办案实际出发提出相应对策,以期在打击毒品走私犯罪的取证工作中起到一定的借鉴作用。